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| pyramid shaped cavity in the skull, lined by 7 orbital bones; contains the eyeball plus its muscles, blood supply, nerves & fat. It protects the eye organ and expands as the organism grows. |
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| mucus membrane covering the outer surface of the eyeball & inner surface of lid - not the cornea. Maintains moisture and limited protection |
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| protective outer layer of the eye; contains collagen & elastic fibers. |
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| Window of the eye; covers iris, pupil & interior chambers |
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| Color tissue behind cornea; controls amount of light entering the eye and separates anterior & posterior chambers |
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| smooth muscle portion; responsible for relaxation, allowing lens to focus on near objects |
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| vascular layer of the eye between retina & sclera; provides nourishment to outer layers of retina; forms part of uvea along with iris & ciliary body. |
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| light-sensitive nerve tissue that converts images from the eye's optical system into electrical impulses which are sent to the optic nerve and on to the brain. |
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| bi-convex intra-ocular tissue that brings rays of light to focus on the retina. Located at the posterior chamber |
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| largest sensory nerve of the eye; carries impulses from retina to brain |
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| "X" shaped part of the optic nerve from the retina to the brain nerve chain |
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| rear part of each cerebral hemisphere; responsible for vision & perception |
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| contain vision-conducting pathways to the occipital lobes |
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| upper mid part of each cerebral hemisphere in the brain; responsible for body sensation. |
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| central acuity loss; travel vision is intact. Degeneration of retinal cones |
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| Decreasing peripheral vision; may result in tunnel vision or complete blindness if the macula becomes involved |
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| Retinopathy of prematurity |
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Definition
| Destructive optical changes as a result of either prolonged oxygen therapy or delayed development of the organ |
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Definition
| Increased ocular pressure resulting in damage to the optic nerve & retinal nerve fibers |
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| Progressive retinal changes & growth of abnormal blood vessels |
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| Cortical Visual Impairment |
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| Retina seems unaffected; lack of oxygen to the brain. cortical pathway & visual processing center of the brain is compromised in some way. |
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| congenital abnormality; optic disc is small, sometimes surrounded with a halo; vision my or may not be reduced |
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| progressive retinal degeneration in both eyes; night blindness in childhood followed by loss of peripheral vision to finally blindness; hereditary |
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| degeneration of retinal receptors results in loss of color and central vision. |
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| malignant Intraocular tumor that develops from retinal & visual cells; hereditary |
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| focus with the eye is not brought directly to the retina. |
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| What does an Audiogram measure? |
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| hearing threshhold at different frequencies |
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| loudness of sound, measured in decibels, height of sound wave. |
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| Number of vibrations that occur at the same rate over the same period of time |
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| Sound wave of vibrating cycle |
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| measured in hertz; frequency |
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Audiogram for conductive, sensorineural, and mixed hearing loss |
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Definition
Sensorineural- air and bone within 10 dB; bone better
Conductive- air and bone apart, bone normal, air depressed
Mixed- air and bone apart but both are depressed (below normal) |
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| Right ear bone conduction |
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| lesion or disease in the outer or middle ear. Often treated with medication or surgery. |
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| Sensorineural hearing loss |
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Definition
| disfunction within inner ear. Hearing aids or cochlear implants. Most common type of hearing loss. |
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Definition
| Disfunction in inner and outer ear. |
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| Slight- 16-25 dB HL Mild- 26-40 dB HL Moderate- 41-55 dB HL Moderately Severe- 56-70 dB HL Severe- 71-90 dB HL Profound- >91 dB HL |
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| Light sensitive retinal receptor cell that provides sharp visual acuity and color discrimination; most numerous in macular area |
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| Central pit in the macula that produces the sharpest vision. Contains a high concentration of cones and no retinal blood vessels. |
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| Central area of retina surrounding the fovea, area of acute central vision; contains cones. |
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| Variable sized black circular opening in the center of the iris that regulates the amount of light that enters the eye. |
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| Light sensitive retinal receptor cell that works at low light levels (night vision). Peripheral vision; movement, shape, and form. |
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| Absence of refractive error, so light is correctly focused on retina, however, this doesn’t necessarily mean that their vision is normal. |
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| Focusing defect created by underpowered eye; light rays focus past the retina. Far sightedness |
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| Near sightedness. Overpowered eye; light is brought to a focus before hitting the retina. |
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| Muscle that pulls the eye upward |
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| Muscle that pulls the eye downward |
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| Muscle that pulls the eye toward the nose |
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| Muscle that pulls the eye outward |
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| Muscle that pulls the eye inward and downward |
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| Muscle that pulls the eye outward and upward |
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| Area that contains no light receptors; sometimes called the blind spot. |
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| Makes up 80% of the eyeball. 99% water. |
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| Drains the aqueous from the eye. |
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| Fluid filled space behind the iris and in front of the lens. |
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| Fluid filled space immediately behind the cornea in front of the iris. |
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| Fibers holding the lens to the ciliary body |
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