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Module 11 Definitions
Terms and definitions for Apologia Biology Module 11
31
Biology
10th Grade
02/08/2012

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Term
Invertebrates
Definition
Animals that lack a backbone
Term
Vertebrates
Definition
Animals that possess a backbone
Term
Spherical symmetry
Definition
An organism that can be cut into 2 identical halves from any direction
Term
Radical symmetry
Definition
An organism that can be cut into 2 identical halves longitudinally
Term
Bilateral symmetry
Definition
An organism that can be cut into 2 halves and have right and left sides
Term
Epidermis
Definition
An outer layer of cells designed to provide protection
Term
Mesenchyme
Definition
The jellylike substance that separates the epidermis from the inner cells in a spong
Term
Collar cells
Definition
Flagellated cells that push water through a sponge
Term
Amoebocytes
Definition
Cells that move using pseudopods and perform different functions in different animals
Term
Gemmule
Definition
A cluster of cells encased in a hard, spicule-reinforced shell
Term
Polyp
Definition
The sessile, tubular form of a cnidarian with a mouth and tentacles at one end and a basal disk at the other
Term
Medusa
Definition
A free-swimming cnidarian with a bell-shaped body and tentacles
Term
Epithelium
Definition
Animal tissue consisting of 1 or more layers of cells that have only one free surface, because the other surface adheres to a membrane or other substance
Term
Mesoglea
Definition
The jellylike substance that separates the epithelial cells in a cnidarian
Term
Nematocysts
Definition
Small capsules that contain a toxin which is injected into prey or predators
Term
Testes
Definition
Organs that produce sperm
Term
Ovaries
Definition
Organs that produce eggs
Term
Anterior end
Definition
The end of an animal that contains its head
Term
Posterior end
Definition
The end of an animal that contains its tail
Term
Circulatory system
Definition
A system designed to transport food and other necessary substances throughout a creature's body
Term
Nervous system
Definition
A system of sensitive cells that respond to stimuli such as sound, touch and taste
Term
Ganglia
Definition
Masses of nerve cell bodies
Term
Hermaphroditic
Definition
Possessing both the male and female reproductive organs
Term
Regeneration
Definition
The ability to regrow a missing part of the body
Term
Mantle
Definition
A sheath of tissue that encloses the vital organs of a mollusk, makes the mollusk's shell, and performs respiration
Term
Shell
Definition
A tough, multilayered structure secreted by the mantle, generally used for protection, but sometimes for body support
Term
Visceral hump
Definition
A hump that contains a mollusk's heart, digestive system, and excretory organs
Term
Foot
Definition
A muscular organ that is used for locomotion and takes a variety of forms depending on the animal
Term
Radula
Definition
An organ covered with teeth that mollusks use to scrape food into their mouths
Term
Univalve
Definition
an organism with a single cell
Term
Bivalve
Definition
An organism with 2 shells
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