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Ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers.
Signed 28 June 1919.
Germany had to accept responsibility.
War guilt clause = disarm, reparations
Alsace Lorrain given up
6.6 billion pound reparations |
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| Russian for Majority party, they were hardline communists opposed to the Mensheviks (Minority) who believed in 1) no compromise and 2) an advanced guard of Communists |
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| aimed at fellow Bolsheviks in Russia and returning to Russia from exile. He called for soviets (workers' councils) to take power (as seen in the slogan "all power to the soviets"), denounced liberals and social democrats in the Provisional Government, called for Bolsheviks not to cooperate with the government, and called for new communist policies. influenced the July Days and October Revolution in the next months and are identified with Leninism. |
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Established in 1935: a series of antisemitic laws that classified anyone with 3-4 Jewish Grandparents as a Jew, 1-2 as a mischling (half breed), and 3-4 German Grandparents as German.
Also banned sexual intercourse between J and G, sought to restore Jews to status before political emancipation in 19th centry. |
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| the other interrogator is a young man , who starches his uniform so heavily that it cracks and groans whenever he moves. "the brutal embodiment of the state," a "neanderthaler" whom Rubashov despises, but eventually becomes reconciled to.Unlike Gletkin does not rely on persuasion, but instead on a combination of sleeplessness, humiliation, and endless questioning to wear down his victim. |
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| Italian dictator and fascist. A socialist in his youth he became an ardent fascist after his service in the first world war. Became prime minister after 1922 and would serve as an inspiration for Hitler. |
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| used for trans oceanic communication, first trials began in 1840, first commercial use in 1850, made from wires insulated with rubber |
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| Archduke and heir to the Austrian throne. Killed in 1914 by Serbian Terrorists "The Black Hand". Death popularly believed to have been the spark that lit the powderkeg of WW1. Also a Scottish Indy Band formed in 2002. |
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| Epitome of the revolutions in firearms and symbolic of the lack of similar development in military strategy. Barreling, rifling, smokeless powder, gas powered, rounds per minute, etc |
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| Berlin, Symphony of a Great City |
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| a movie by Walter Ruttman, portrays the life of the city in a semi-documentary, silent format. Hooks up orchestral music with depictions of city life (commutes, factories). Symbolic of the artistic renaissance in Germany in the 1920s. |
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| a collection of concentration camps in annexed poland, operational from 1940 to 1945, estimated 1.3million dead. Now a holocaust rememberance museum, Work Will Set You Free. |
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| Published in 1925 and 1926, a combination of biography and political manifesto, it was written during Hitlers imprisonment in Landsberg after his failed putsch in Munich. |
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| construction begun in 1961, a solid wall that seperated east german capital from west german capital to prevent E german brain drain. Torn down in 1989 to much fanfare. |
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| A bio-political ideology that espoused traditionalism, militarism, ethnic superiority and cleansing,and hierarchical purity. Also central political control |
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| ten months of bitter fighting, feb to dec 1916 between the french and the germans. symbolic of the war of attrition, 700,000 dead, 40mil arty shells fired. Frances stalingrad |
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| born in 1865, a british poet, writer, and adventurer. An imperialist, coined the term "white mans burden". Awarded a nobel literary price in 1907, remains a controversial figure. |
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| propaganda film made by Leni Riefenstahl. It chronicles the 1934 Nazi Party Congress in Nuremberg, which was attended by more than 700,000 Nazi supporters.[1] The film contains excerpts from speeches given by various Nazi leaders at the Congress, including portions of speeches by Adolf Hitler, interspersed with footage of massed party members. Hitler commissioned the film and served as an unofficial executive producer; his name appears in the opening titles. The overriding theme of the film is the return of Germany as a great power, with Hitler as the True German Leader who will bring glory to the nation. Published in 1935, still considered a great cinematic masterpiece regardless of subject matter. |
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| the German Kaiser, the last german emperor. Led the country to war in WW1 and abdicated the throne in 1918, fleeing to Holland. Bellicose, impetuous, withered arm. Tactless at times, humiliated in the Daily Telegraph affair. |
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| NEP (New Economic Policy) |
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| State capitalism, proposed by Lenin in 1921. It allowed tiny instances of capitalism in Russia while banks, int trade, large industries were still covered by the Gov. Put an agricultural tax instead of requisition to rebuild russian agriculture after war communism. |
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| SS paramilitary death squads, formed in 1939. Represented first wave of nazi purification, eventually found to be too inefficient in killing jews they were folded into SS combat units or into concentration camp guard units. |
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| Originally a russian, later french and then american, he was a composer of great fame, noticeably scored "Rite of Spring" an at the time controversial ballet reputed to have driven audience members to insanity and madness. |
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