American History

Pre-Columbian American History

Cultures

-Characteristics

-3 Groups, locale, year

Characteristics

Cilvilation consists of government, ethisc/rules, music/art, language, pop, settlement, agriculture

3 Groups, Locale, Year

Aztecs- Mexico City 400-1400 A.D.

Pueblos- Southwest, 1200 A.D.

Native Americans- Great Plains to East Coast

American History

 American History

study

(popular vs academic)

Study

Historiography- scholastical & philosophical

American History 2 Types

1-Popular/Public

2-Academic

American History

Euro-Centric

Euro-Centric 1606

Def: the practice of viewing the world from a European perspective

American Exceptionalism---Manifest Destiny

American History

(settlement of)

Mexico & Central America

American History

Native American Societies

*housing

*where

*4 major languages

*5 Iroquois nations

Housing

Moundbuilding Societies- purpose of shelter, burial, and protection

Where

Ohio River Valley, Ancestors of Creek & Choctaw, St. Louis 

4 Major Language Groups

1. Algonquian

2. Iroquoian

3. Muskhogean

4. Siouan

5 Nations of Iroquois Tribes

1. Mohawk

2. Oncida

3. Onodaga

4. Cayuga

5. Seneca

American History

The Iroquois & the U.S. Constitution

who

parallels

Iroquois Nations Constitution

-political confederacy

-influenced u.s. constitution

-Charles Thomson Iroquois representative at the continental congress

Parallels

- the great law, commander-in-chief, state of the union, congressional rules, state vs federal authority, advanced native populations, Ben Franklin

American History

Feudal System/Feudalism

American History

Democracy

Democracy

Supreme power of the governement is under control of the people and the electoral college. i.e. Rules of Government

1st Demonstration of democracy was the May Flower Compact-

May Flower Compact: 1st governing document to establish themselves away from the  monarchy in dec 1620  

Main Objective was to declare religious freedom

1st Symbolic Expression of Self-Rule by the settlers.

American History

White Man's "Burden"

White Man's "Burden"

-Bringing sophistication to the natives.

-"Christianize"

- provide technology and advancement.

 ?

Did they really want to improve the lives of others or did they just want to aquire more land?

American History

Black Plague

when?

significant why?

when

1346

significant why

combined with the 100 years war this kills 1/3 of Europes population

American History

100 Years War

when?

significant why?

when

1340-1440

significant why

combined with the Black Plague this killed 1/3 of Europes population

American History

Henry the Navigator

what

Henry the Navigator

One of the first Europeans who set out to explore America. In the 15th Century he opened up trading in W. Africa

American History

Bartholomew Dias

when

Bartholomew Dias

1488

One of the first Europeans who set out to explore America.

American History

Vasco DeGama

American History

John Cabot

American History

Ferdinand Magellan

American History

Christopher Columbus

-born

-2 misconceptions

-where/when/what did he "discover"?

Christopher Columbus

Born in 1451 in Genoa Italy

2 Misconceptions

1. Falling off the Earth &

2. He did not Discover the Americas

He officially landed in the West Indies in 1492

American History

King Ferdinand

American History

Queen Isabella

Wife of King Ferdinand

Helped to finance many voyages of explorers to the new worlds.

American History

Colonialism/Mercantilism

Def

Main crops of the English colonies

Mercantilism/Colonialism 

Def: Powerful nation expanding empire by creating colonies all over the world that in turn wil produce products, raw materials, and profit $

Benefit to the Mother Country!

Main Crops of the English Colonies

-sugar

-corn

-tobacco

American History

Protestant Reformation

The who/when/what/why?

Protestant Reformation

Martin Luther in 1517 95 Thesis of Indulgences to describe the governments...

-ornamations

-ceremony/hierarchy

-corruption--- to salvation

American History

Queen Mary

American History

Queen Elizabeth I

what/who she wanted?

what happened

what it proved?

Queen Elizabeth I

She wanted exploration of the Americas for

*Profit & Rivalry

Commisions Sir Francis Drake for exploration of the Americas- he was the 1st explorer to circumnavigate the world

Defeated the Spanish Armada which showed the world that England would stop at nothing for (meant) business.

American History

Sir Walter Raleigh

Commissioned by Queen Elizabeth I and established 1st English colony Roanoke.

The mystery: Raleigh went back to Europe after colonization and when he returned the colony was deserted.

American History

Martin Luther

what/when/how/why?

Martin Luther

In 1517 Martin Luther writes the 95 Thesis of Indulgences commenting on the ornamentation, ceremonys/hierarchy, and the corruption to salvation technique the church was using by selling these indulgences.

American History

Jamestown

when/why

how/who/motivations

When/Why 

1605 English Merchants migrated to America due to the surplus population overwhelming England and the starvation and lack of food.

How/Who/Motivations

King James I issued a Royal Charter to establish the colony under the following conditions:

1. Existence at the mercy pf the Monarchy

2. Competition with Spanish/French colonial ambitions for money $$$

American History

John Rolfe

American History

Pocahontas

Daughter of Powatan who made friends with the first English settlers. 14-15 years old and became the communication link between the settlers and the American Indians.

American History

Puritans

the Great Migration

Where

What

Key Practices

the Great Migration

10,000 puritans will pick up and move to the new world after finally obtaining a charter from King James I 1630s-1640s becomes main popluation of Massachusettes and founds many major towns e.g. Providence, Boston

Where

Massachusettes Bay Colony

What?

People who wanted to 'purify' the Catholic Church out of disgust of excess & obsession with ceremony and decoration/celebration

Purtian Key Practics

God

Family

Education

American History

John Withrop

who/where

city on a hill

Saving Grace

Visible Saints*

John Winthrop

 1st Governor of Massachusettes Bay Colony who was "Divinely Inspired" to create the "City on a Hill"

City on a Hill: was supposed to be the city approved by God himself. Very pure for religious beliefs. Goal was to 'Christianize' natives

by Gods Will

Saving Grace:

You belong to the church, you are a good person, it was evidence that you were saved

 (membership with action = saving evidence)

& they refer to themselves as 'Visible Saints'*

*Visible Saints: Not absolute truth but the work of God is visible in their lives through their ations and through the mercy of God.

American History

Anne Hutchinson

where/when/beliefs

Anti-Nomianism

divine Insight

banishment

-Lives in Boston in early 1630s

-Suscribes to the belief that 

church membership + Gods works = Salvation

-Free speech of Anti-Nomianism

 i.e. Good works were not necessary if you had some inkling that you would be saved

-Claims she has Divine Insight

i.e. she is able to speak directly to God.

-She claims that the 10 commandments are open to interpretation and therefore she is banished to Rhode Island in 1637 from the colony

American History

Roger Williams

American History

Salem Witch Trials

SALEM WITCH TRAILS

-First Convictions: 

 -Samual Parris' Daughters Abigal (8) & Betty (11), 

(Each child claimed that Tituba (house servant) bewitched them with the the devil)

-Sara Good & Sara Osborn

-Samual & Elizabeth Proctor accused of being a possessed couple.

Being possessed meant shaking while reciting non-sensical speeches or talking jibberish

Witchcraft was caught by feeding an animal bread and the convicted's urin. If the animal went crazy then the person was possessed.

Overall

-spread of hysteria

-150 trials of witchcraft

American History

Toleration Act

1649

American History

Bacon's Rebellion

Bacon's Rebellion

1676 In Jamestown Virginia ledby Nathaniel Bacon a small farmer in conflict with the Native Americans, Army of 500 men to fight off N. Americans.

1st example of direct confrontation between colony v. crown  

Shows the fear of slavery 

American History

Shay's Rebellion

Springfield Massachusettes 1786 (again illustrates between local and national power)

Led by Daniel Shays who was a war veteran and pissed cuz farmers are being taxed by government when they dont have the power to issue a tax.

Gov threatens to close farms. George Washington sends in national military to put down rebellion but didnt want to look like a bully. Arouses FEAR  

 American History

Slavery

(in the New World)
when? where?
3 ways to deal

Horrors of slavery 

When/Where?

1619 Mainly Jamestown, Virginia, Carolinas, Georia (south)

Indentured Servants or Slaves?

Eugenics, Africans being the inferior race concerns of mixing them into a new american lifestyle until the Labor Shortage then they were in Full Demand!

Royal African Company 1672 Brittish Owned   

3 WAYS TO DEAL
1. 3/5 Clause Deals with Slavery and the Slave Trade Heated debate between the North and the South

2. Protection of slave trade

3. Fugitive Slave Law Eugenics/Paternalism 

*Slavery becomes the big fat elephant in the room.

HORROS
Middle Passage

Slave Auctions

Family Separation

Sexual Abuse

Africans... sell their own people

Agency: As slave resistence and as meaning action! 

American History

South Carolina Negro Act

1740 First Formal Law that establishes slavery as a legal practice.

denies the rights of movement, assembly, earning$, learning to read & write, also denied basic civil rights. Sever Conseqquences for fucking up!

death by hanging/the southern way of life

John Greenleaf Whittier 1835 "My Country Men in Chains" 

American History

Massachusettes Bay Colony

1629 for Mercantilism/Colonialism

Center/Mission of Colony is Religious Freedom.

Puritans were the inhabitants.

The great Migration, John Winthrop, "City on a Hill" 

Government Legislatures & "Savng Grace" 

American History

Plymouth Colony

1620 by William Bradford.

100 pilgrams from Plymouth England receive a charter from London Company (through the monarchy)

William Bradford is the 1st govenor (meant to land in Ny and ended up in Cape Cod) 

Mayflower Compat in 1620 was the 1st governing document to establish themselves away from the monarchy. Main Objective was to declare religious freedom

1st Example of Democracy , rules of government

Plymouth Plantation. Magna Carta, Native Americans 

American History

Pennsylvania

1674 W.Penn idea of Green Space or Countrymen.

Lord Berkely sells some land then the Quakers (pacifists, subset of puritan, radical type, believe that "inner light" leads to Divine Truth  or a REVELATION

They believed that anybody could have a direct relation to God.

Most Diverse of all of the colonies.  

American History

Maryland

1634

Charles I

Land Grant to George Calvert & Lord Baltimore

Catholics

Toleration Act of 1649

From Feudalism to Democracy

became the incentive to move ther.  

American History

Carolinas

1670

Fundamental Constitutions

Landowners were members of Nobility

Ultimately the system fails

then comes democracy

Based on the writings of John Locke (Enlightenment thinker who influences the dec of independence and the constitution

Charlestown (Charleston) 1680 very profitable city which becomes a major source of revenue.  

American History

Georgia

2 Purposes

1. James Oglethorpe establishes Georgia as a DEBATORS CoLony or a ROYAL COLONY

(which does not work)

&

Provides protection against the Spanish border of the rest of the colonies.  

American History

Middle (Breadbasket) Colonies

"The BreadBasket Colonies"

New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Connecticut

Fighting over trade routes England v. Dutch

1. Bar dutch ships from using trade routes to make it harder.

2.King charles II land grant to his brother the Duke of York then comes to the new colonies to develope more...

3. Defeat the Dutch & capture New Amsterdam in 1664 (which becomes New York)

1680's finally develope some local assemblies of gov

Duke of York sells land to Lord BerlKley who is about to find Pennsylvania 

American History

Philidelphia

Charles the II gives to William Penn where William Penn names the city after his Navy admiral father. FOUDNED IN 1683

where W. Penn referred to the colony as a HOLY EXPERIMENT> shows importance of religion in the foundings of these colones also shows DEMOCRACY.

American History

William Penn

American History

Spanish Armada

Challenges Brittish Navy to a game of War over the East India Trade Routes

English win 

American History

King Phillip's War

1671 1st Time we see Taxes called for to go back to the crown int England.

METACOMET AKA King Phillip tribe leader of the Wampanoag begins to lose power and forced to give up his guns and weapons to to follwo English Law.

Tension, Humiliation, Resistance, Revitalization of their culture (symbolically) executional (puritans murder 3 of King Phillips leaders as payback retribution. serious threat to Plymouth Colonies. Results:

Entire CT River Valey completely destryoed and King Phillips Army gets 20 miles from Boston.  

American History

95 Theses

American History

Thomas Jefferson

believed in the Natural Rights of Man and the history of the List of Injuries and Usurpations

concept of direct taxation without representation

Describes Brittish as Harsh Administrators of Colonial Affairs and this radicalism leads to the idea of STATE CONSTITUTIONS each adopts thier own then 2/3 vote in favor of the declaration of independence.   

American History

Boston Masacre

1st Military Conflict with the colonists on March 15th 1770 in a Public Square becasue little boysare throwing snow balls.

1st official trigger of war 2nd act of aggression from the colonists. 5 people were killed 1 being Crispus Attucks whow as the 1st African American & 1st Casualty of the American Revolution

Liberty Boys versus the Redcoats.

which leads to increase of anger and retaliation of the "Gasper" Boat provokes more taxes from crown and US to form the committee of correspondence.
 

American History

Annapolis Convention (handout)

American History

Articles of Confederation

1777 to 1787

to Mandate a loose confederation of states

primarily a weak sense of central government, they feared repeating monarchy's mistake.

3 IMPORTANT NOS 

1. NO Currency

2. No Power to Regulate Trade

3. No power to tax!

all the power that is not designated to the central governments becomse a responsibility of the states.

brings about SHAYS REBELLION the farmer 

American History

Constitutional Convention (handout)

American History

Virginia Plan

(handout)

American History

New Jersey Plan

(handout)

American History

Great Compromise

July 1787

(handout)

American History

Three-Fifths Compromise

American History

Checks & Balances

(handout)

American History

Battle of Bunker Hill

June 1775

General Gage v. General George Washington

US CONTINENTAL CONGRESS VICTORY!

this is officially where the King declares the states in open rebellion.  

American History

Lexington & Concord

April 1775

no clear winner resulting in a draw

shot heard around the world  

American History

Second Continental Congress

May/June 1775

reconveine several times between and until July 1776

Phili was the central locale.

5 Man committee to draft the declaration.

John Adams

Sam Adams

Thomas Jefferson

Patrick Henry

Benjamin Franklin

More Radical and Bold in their declaration

Formally establish the continental army under the command of George Washington.

John Dickonson and Christopher Gadson are very aprehensive to sgn it 

American History

Abigail Adams

Letters of Correspondence with Hustband John Adams

REMEMBER THE LADIES! 

American History

John Adams

American History

Deborah Sampson

American History

George Washington

American History

Coercive/Intolerable Acts

American History

Boston Tea Party

American History

Yorktown

American History

Treaty of Paris

1783

American History

Gordon Wood

American History

Frederick Jackson Turner

American History

Melissa Lukeman Boher

American History

Sybil Ludington

American History

New Jersey

American History

New York

American History

Liberty Boys

American History

Daughter's of the American Revolution

American History

Crispus Attucks

American History

Eric Foner

American History

Samual Adams

American History

John Adams