Term
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Definition
| Interrupted flow of charged particles where current flows in a series of pulses separated by periods when no current flows |
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Term
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Definition
| Charged particles without interruptions or breaks |
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Term
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Definition
| Continuous current goes back and forth in two directions |
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Term
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Definition
| Continuous current that goes in one direction only |
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Term
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Definition
| #of cycles or pulses per second |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Time between phases of a pulse |
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Term
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Definition
| Only used to produce muscle contractions,often used in a ratio of 1:5 |
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Term
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Definition
| It is an inherent property, typically cannot set |
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Term
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Definition
| duration of 1 cycle of AC |
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Term
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Definition
| Used for iontophoresis, and occasionally to facilitate wound healing |
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Term
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Definition
| Series of pulses where charged particles move only 1 direction |
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Term
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Definition
| Series of pulses where charged particles move in 1 direction and then in the opposite direction |
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Term
| Monophasic pulsed current |
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Definition
| Most commonly used in tissue healing and acute edema management app. HVPC |
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Term
| HVPC (high-voltage pulsed current) |
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Definition
| Made up of pulses composed of a pair of short, exponentially decaying phases, both in same direction |
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Term
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Definition
| Phases are = in amount of opposite in poliarity resulting in a net charge of 0 |
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Term
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Definition
| Balanced and Unbalanced, Unbalanced are phases are not balanced, result in a net charge |
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Term
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Definition
| Basic unit of nerve communication |
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Term
| Resting membrane potential |
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Definition
| At rest the nerve is more negatively charged by 60 to 90 mV. |
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Term
| Absolute refractory period |
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Definition
| Never depolariztion, the nerve cannot be further excited regardless of how strong the stimuli |
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Term
| Relative refractory period |
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Definition
| After depolarization, but before returning to the resting potential |
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Term
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Definition
| Short pulses <80us and low current amp. are used for sensory stimulations, and longer pulses (150 to 350 us) and higher amp are used for motor simulation |
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Term
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Definition
| The movement of an AP along a nerve axon: also called conduction |
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Term
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Definition
| Rapid propoagation of electrical signal along a myelinated nerve axon, signal appears to jump |
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Term
| Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) |
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Definition
| Innervated muscles contract in responce to short pulses of electricity because the current causes depolarization of their motor nerves |
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Term
| Electrical muscle stimulation: EMS |
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Definition
| Denervated muscles contract by depolarizing the muscles cell directly, requires a pulse lasting longer than 10ms |
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Term
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Definition
| nerve fibers w the largest diameter axons (type 2- fast twitch) are activated first and those w smaller diameter axons (type 1-slow twitch) |
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Term
| Physiological stimulation |
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Definition
| smaller slow-twitch type 1 muscle fibers are activated first and larger fast-twitch type 2 are recruited later |
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Term
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Definition
| The greater the load placed on a muscle and the higher force contraction it produces, the more strength that muscle with gaing |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the recommended contraction to innervated muscles |
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Definition
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Term
| Strength muscles in persons without injury |
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Definition
| Amp. must be high enough to produce contraction at least 50% of max voluntary isometric contraction |
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Term
| Strength muscles following injury or surgery |
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Definition
| Current amp. produces contraction >10% MVIC of uninjured limb |
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Term
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Definition
| Conventional, low rate and burst mode |
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Term
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Definition
| Long duration, high amplitude pulses used to control pain, Acupuncture-like TENS |
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Term
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Definition
| control pain for 4 to 5 hrs after a 20to 30 min treatment: Should not be applied for more than 45 min |
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Term
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Definition
| Shown to reduce pain and swelling, increase ROM and relieve pain |
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Term
| Pulse Duration for Biphasic or Conventional TENS |
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Definition
| Pulse duration should be between 50-80us to depolarize only the A-beta sensory |
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Term
| Pulse duration for Low rate TENS |
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Definition
| Pulse duration should be between 200-300us to depolarize the motor nerves and possibly A-beta nerves |
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Term
| Pulse duration for Interferential current |
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Definition
| Fixed carrier frequency of 4,000 or 5,000 Hz |
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Term
| Parameters: Tissue Healing |
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Definition
| Pulse frequency: 60-125 pps and Continuous on:off time |
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Term
| Parameters for edema control: Inflammation |
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Definition
Waveform: HVPC
Pulse duration: Fixed
Polarity: Negative over area |
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Term
| Parameters for edema- lack of muscle contraction: |
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Definition
Frequency: 35-50pps
On:off time: ratio of 1:1
Current amp: small visible muscle contractions
Treatment time: 20-30 min more than once a day |
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