Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

Purines - Adenine & Guanine have two carbon rings

Pyrimidines are the remaining nucleotides: Thymine (DNA), Uracil (RNA) Cytosine an have a single carbon ring.  In base pairing you have one purine and one pyrimidine as follows:

 A-T (DNA)

A-U (RNA)

C-G (both) 

• Note that nucleotides have other uses beyond DNA and RNA.  
• For example, ATP is Adenosine Triphosphate 

[image] 

[image]

1. Prophase - chromatin condenses into chromosomes; nuclear envelope disappears
2. Metaphase - chromosomes align at equatorial plate
3. Anaphase - sister chromosomes separate; centromeres divide
4. Telophase - chromatin expands; cytoplasm divides (cytokineses) 

The four nucleotides in DNA:

Adenine pairs with Thymine

Guanine pairs with Cytosine 

 Citrate, Isocitrate, αlpha-Ketoglutarate, Succinyl-CoA, Succinate, Fumarate, Malate, Oxaloacetate

Kreb's Cycle

[image]

First 8 Presidents of the United States (PotUS)

1. George Washington
2. John Adams
3. Thomas Jefferson
4. James Madison
5. James Monroe
6. John Quincy Adams
7. Andrew Jackson
8. Martin Van Buren 

2nd 8 Presidents of the United States (PotUS)

9.     William Henry Harrison

10.    John Tyler

11.    James K. Polk

12.    Zachary Taylor

13.    Millard Fillmore

14.    Franklin Pierce

15.    James Buchanan

16.    Abraham Lincoln

The Great Lakes

Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, Superior

[image]