Term
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Definition
- Bacterial
- Family: Treponemataceae (Gram -)
- Spirochete
- Periplasmic Flagella
- No LPS expression
- The "pox" or "The Great Imitator"
- Widespread diseases in the U.S. historically
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Term
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Definition
- Humans are the only host
- Sex
- Congenital
- Blood Transfusion
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Term
| What are the stages of Syphilis? |
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Definition
- Primary (2-6 wks)
- Primary Latency (2-8 wks)
- Secondary (2-6 wks)
- Latency (6mo-8yrs)
- Tertiary ( <20 yrs)
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Term
| What are the symptoms of Primary Syphilis? |
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Definition
- Chancre at site of entry
- Some people asymptomatic
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Term
| What are the symptoms of Primary Latency in Syphilis? |
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Definition
- Bacteria escape into bloodstream (link)
- Chancre goes away
- bacteria still multiplying
- No symptoms
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Term
| What are the symptoms of secondary Syphilis? |
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Definition
- After chancre
- T. pallidum seeded throughout body
- Fever and rash (overreaction of immune system)
- Sore Throat
- Lymphadenopathy
- Some people asymptomatic
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Term
| Why is Syphilis called "The Great Imitator"? |
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Definition
- Doctor can misdiagnose because it looks like a lot of other things in the secondary stage.
- Organs
- Heart (aneurysm)
- Liver (jaundice)
- Brain (psychoses)
- Eyes (vision problems)
- Others Tissues
- Spinal cord (motor dysfunction)
- Joints (arthralgia)
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Term
| What are symptoms of latent syphilis? |
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Definition
- 30% of cases
- Bacteria burrow more into tissues that the immune system does not go
- Antibodies still manufactured
- still have strong adaptive immune response going on
- Individuals become noninfectious
- In the Immunocompromised this stage is skipped, bacteremia occurs
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Term
| What are the symptoms of tertiary syphilis? |
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Definition
- Slowly progessive inflammation (takes years or decades)
- Heart damage
- Neurological damage
- Disabling fatigue
- Gummas (syphilitic ulcers)
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Term
|
Definition
- Historically:
- Mercury skin rubs
- Arsenic (Salvarsan or "606")
- Malaria infection
- Today:
- Penicillin G (+ Benzathine & procaine)
- Alternates:
- Erthromycin
- Tetracycline (broad spectrum)
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Term
| Syphilis Prevention & Control |
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Definition
- Safe sex
- For contacts: prophylactic antibiotics
- No vaccine yet
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Term
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Definition
- Bacterial
- Chlamydiaceae (Gram -)
- No peptidoglycan layer
- Elementary body (EB) or Reticulate body (RB)
- Eye infections
- Genitourinary infections
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Term
| What is the difference between the elementary body (EB) and the reticulate body (RB). |
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Definition
Cell has become a chlamydia factory. It spews out and infects naive cells and colonize it. They then convert into the reticulate body form and then multiplate. When they sense they've exhausted the resources of the host cell, they switch back to the elementary body form and brings us full circle. EB is designed to be outside the host cell. RB is designed to be inside the host cell. |
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Term
| Chlamydiosis Transmission |
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Definition
- Humans are the only host
- many carriers asymptomatic
- for eye infections: touching the eyes or passage through birth canal
- for genitourinary infections: sex
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Term
| Chlamydiosis Symptoms: Eye |
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Definition
- In neonates (conjunctivitis):
- In adults (ocular trachoma):
- same as above
- "Pebbling" of eyelids
- Pannus (eyelid expands/swells due to inflammation)
- Sequelae
- chronic inflammation (leads to blindness)
- Secondary bacterial infections
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Term
| Chlamydiosis Symptoms: Urinary Tract |
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Definition
- less severe than women, urethritis
- lots of men are asymptomatic carriers
- females> cervicitis, endometritis, salpingitis, PID
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Term
| Chlamydiosis Treatment; P&C |
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Definition
- Treatment: Doxycycline, Erythromycin, Tetracycline
- penicillin does not work
- P&C:
- difficult
- condoms
- follow up with previous patients
- no vaccine
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Term
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Definition
- Bacterial
- Coxiellaceae (Gram -)
- Enviornmentally durable
- Intracellular lifestyle in marcophages' phagolysosomes (has to live inside a macrophage)
- Not an STD
- causes Q fever
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Term
| Q Fever transmission (Farms) |
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Definition
- Largely zoonotic disease, mainly in cattle
- Spores can last in soil for decades
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Term
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Definition
- Fever
- Chills
- Sweating
- Headache
- Myalgia
- Chronic infection can lead to inflammation of various organs
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Term
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Definition
- Doxycicline OR tetracycline
- Fluroquinolones
- Drugs don't function well in acidic phagolysosome thus issue with dosing limits
- Works best earlier in infection
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Term
| Q Fever Prevention & Control |
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Definition
- Farm safety procedures
- Vaccine for military, veterinarians, high risk groups
- For general population: Pasteurization
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