*# of TRANSISTORS per sq in double every 18 months

*price/performance ratio has fallen (computers smaller/cheaper)

aka: "Information Tools"

Includes: Hardware, Software, Data

Refers to: Methods, Inventions, Standards, Products

IS makes IT useful.

IT does not contain people and procedures.

7+ characters

do not use complete dictionary word

upper AND lower case

numbers and symbols

Components of Business Processes

Activities

-Transform resources and info from one type to another

-Follows rules/procedures

-can be manual or automated

Components of Business Processes

Resources

-Items of value (customers, suppliers, distributors, etc.)

-External to organization

Components of Business Processes

Facilities

-Structures used within resources

-Where things are produced or stored

-(inventory, database, factory, equipment)

Components of Business Processes

Information

-"the difference that makes a difference"

-data presented in a meaningful context

-transforms inputs into outputs

-used by activities

1. Accurate

2. Timely

3.Relevant

4.Just barely sufficient (not too much info)

5.Worth its cost (value/money)

-Supports counter sales

-Work done by computer systems (hardware, software, data)

-Done by data, procedures, people

-IS to support payment

-Determine industry profitability

1.Bargaining power of customers

2.Threat of substitutions

3.Bargaining power of suppliers

4.Threat of new entrants

5.Rivalry among existing firms

(Five Forces)

Strong Force

-easy to enter

-lower profitibility

(Five Forces)

Weak Force

-harder to enter industry

-higher profitibility

-monopolistic

Competetive Advantage Types

1.Broad Cost Leadership (accross industry)

2.Narrow Cost Leadership (industry segment)

1&2 Lowest Cost

3.Broad Differentiation

4.Narrow Differentiation

3&4 Better product/service

-network of value-creating  five primary and 3 support activities

-linkages between activities

Value Chain

Primary Activities (types)

1. Marketing and Sales

2. Inbound Logistics

3. Operations or Manufacturing

4. Outbound Logistics

5. Service and Support

Value Chain

Support Activities (types)

1.Human Resources

2.Accounting and Infrastructure

3.Procurement and Technology

-Self-describing, use it to keep track of lists that require multiple themes

-(Whereas spreadsheet only involves single theme)

-Collection of tables PLUS relationships b/t the rows in those tables PLUS metadata

-Structured collection of data stored so ppl or computer systems can use it to creat queries

1.Byte(aka data)-character of data grouped into columns

2.Columns (aka fields)-grouped into rows

3.Rows (aka records)- grouped into tables/files

-Columns that identify a unique row in a table

-EACH table has a key

-data that describe data through data type, field name, field properties

-makes databases more useful, easier to use

Database Management System

-used to create, process, and administer a database

-used to manage and query a database

EXAMPLE: oracle, access

1.User

2.Database Application (forms, reports, queries)

3.DBMS (access, oracle)

4.Database (tables, relationships, metadata)

Structured Query Language

-International standard for processing databases

-involve activities among several business departments

-Ex:Customer relationship management (CRM)

Business Process Management

(BPM)

-creating, assessing and altering business processes

1.model processes 2.create components 3.implement processes 4.assess results

Voice over IP

-meeting participants can talk on telephone over internet connection, no phone line needed

-example; groove

ex: sharepoint

-sequential:activities occur in sequence

vs

-parallel:activities occur simultaneously

-track changes to documents

-provide functions to accommodate concurrent work

-Shared directories

-A site can have mutliple libraries with different permissions

-System for sharing documents and spreadsheet data

-must be a google account

-can give permission to others by entering their email address

-collaboration product that includes version management.

-User creates a workspace, invites others

-can define/assign workflows

-can ensure everyone pulls their weight

1. Operational-day-to-day activities(TPS transition processing syst)

2.Managerial-(MIS) budgeting, utilization, allocation of resources

3.Strategic-broader scope (EIS executive info syst.) organizational issues

no agreed on decision

example: predicting economy's future

1.Intelligence Gathering

2.Alternative Formation

3.Choice

4.Implementation (making a move)

5.Review

- business processes that support a single function (accounts payable for example)

1.model as-is

2.create components

3.implement business process

-duplicated data

-increased chance of error

-supporting applications separated

-inefficient

-increased costs

-manage finished goods and distribute

-used by whosalers, retailers, nonmanufacturers

-order entry, customer service, order mgmt, FG inventory mgmt

-Recruiting

-Assessments

-Development/training

-HR planning

-Compensation

-Lead/prospect generation

-lead tracking

-customer management

-sales forecasting

-product/brand mgmt

Just-in-time inventory policy

-used my manufacturing dept

-reduces inventories

Enterprise Resource Planning Applications

-Integrate primary chain activities with accounting and HR

-cross-function view of organization

-ERP standard blueprint- industry-wide standard for software

Enterprise Application Integration

-enables gradual move to ERP

-connects existing applications with integrated new layers of applications