Term
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Definition
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Chemical Comp: CaSO4
Luster: vitreous, pearly on one cleavage
Hardness/Density:3-3.5/2.9-3.0
Color: White, grayish, bluish, reddish-brick red, pale lavender.
Streak: white to grayish
Cleavage/Fracture: good, 3 at 90/uneven
Form/Other Properties: massive, granular compact, fibrous, low specific gravity, rectangular cleavage fragments
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Term
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Definition
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Chemical Comp: Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH)
Luster: Vitreous
Hardness/Density: 5/3.1-3.2
Color: Green, brown, red, yellow, violet, pink, white
Streak: White
Cleavage/Fracture: Poor/uneven, conchoidal
Form/Other Properties: brittle, short-long prismatic, tabular, massive, stalactic, earthy, oolitic
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Term
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Definition
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Chemical Comp: CaCO3
Luster: vitrous, resinous
Hardness/Density: 3.5-4/2.9-3.0
Color: white, gray, colorless, yellow, pale green, violet, brown
Streak: white
Cleavage/Fracture: good in 1 direction/subconchoidal
Form/Other Properties: prismatic cleavage, fibrous, columnar, twinned crystals, fluorescent, translucent
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Term
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Definition
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Chemical Comp: FeAsS
Luster: metallic
Hardness/Density: 5.5-6/6.0-6.2
Color: silver-white to steel-gray
Streak: grayish black
Cleavage/Fracture: distinct in 1 dir./uneven; brittle
Form/Other Properties: prismatic, striated faces, granular, compact, columnar |
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Term
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Definition
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Chemical Comp: Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Luster: vitreous, dull
Hardness/Density: 3.5-4/3.7-3.8
Color: azure-blue, dark blue
Streak: blue
Cleavage/Fracture: good, 2 dir./conchoidal; brittle
Form/Other Properties: tabular crystals, radiating, incrusting, botyoidal, associated with malachite |
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Term
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Definition
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Chemical Comp:
Luster: dull
Hardness/Density: 1-3/2.4-2.6
Color: white, grey, yellow, red, brown
Streak: white, color of mineral
Cleavage/Fracture: None/earthy
Form/Other Properties: pisolitic, massive to microcrystalline, earthy, oolitic, sometimes small spherical brown masses in gray or yellow matrix |
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Term
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Definition
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Chemical Comp: Na2B4O7 . 10H2O
Luster: vitreous, greasy
Hardness/Density: 2-2.4/1.7
Color: colorless, white, grayish-greenish white
Streak: white
Cleavage/Fracture: perfect 1 dir./conchoidal, brittle, translucent
Form/Other Properties: short prismatic crystals, compact, earthy, dissolves in water, sweetish alkaline taste |
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Term
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Definition
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Chemical Comp.: Cu5FeS4
Luster: metallic, resinous
Hardness/Density: 3/4.9-5.1
Color: copper-red to bronze-brown, tranish deep blue, purple
Streak: grayish black, dark brown black
Cleavage/Fracture: none/uneven, conchoidal, brittle
Form/Other properties: compact, granular, rarely octahedral
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Term
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Definition
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Chemical comp: Mg(OH)2
Luster: earthy, pearly, waxy
Hardness/Denisty: 2-2.5/2.4
Color: whute, gray, blue, and green
Streak: white
Cleavage/Fracture: Perfect 1 dir.
Form/Other prop.: broad tabular, foliated, scaly, fibrous, sectile, thin flakes |
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Term
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Definition
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Chemical comp: CaCO3
Luster: vitreous, pearly
Hardness/Density: 3/ 2.7
Color: white, colorless, pale grayish, yellow, red, green, blue, brown to black
Streak: white
Cleavage/Fracture: perfect in 3 dir./conchoidal
Form/Other prop: tabular, acicular, granular, compact, stalactic, oolitic, twinned crystals, reacts to acid |
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Term
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Definition
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Chemical comp: SnO2
Luster: greasy, adamantine, dull
Hardness/Density: 6-7/6.8-7.1
Color: Brown, black, rarely yellow, gray
Streak: white, light brown
Cleavage/Fracture: Distinct/uneven, brittle
Form/Other prop: short prismatic twinned crystals, granular, radiating fibrous structure |
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Term
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Definition
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Chemical prop: Cu2S
Luster: metallic
Hardness/Density: 2.5-3/5.5-5.8
Color: dark lead-gray, tarnish dull black
Streak: dark gray to black
Cleavage/Fracture: poor, 1 dir/conchoidal, brittle, sectile
Form/Other prop: short prismatic or tabular, striated on one face, granualr compact, disseminated, very brittle |
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Term
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Definition
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Chemical comp: CuFeS2
Luster: metallic
Hardness/Density: 3.5-4/4.1-4.3
Color: Brass-yellow, golden-yellow, tarnish often iridescent or deep blue, purple, and black
Streak: greenish black
Cleavage/Fracture:Poor, 1 dir/uneven, brittle
Form/Other prop: may contain striations, compact, often massive, granular, disseminated |
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Term
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Definition
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Chemical comp: FeCr2O4
Luster: metallic, sub-metallic
Hardness/Density: 5.5/4.3-5.0
Color: Iron-black, browninsh black
Streak: dark brown
Cleavage/Fracture: None/conchoidal, uneven, brittle
Form/Other prop: usually disseminated, granualr, compact, weak magnetism |
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Term
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Definition
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Chemical comp: HgS
Luster: adamantine to dull
Hardness/Density: 2-2.5/8.0-8.2
Color: bright red, purplish red to brownish red
Streak: scarlet to brownish red
Cleavage/Fracture: Perfect, 3 dir @ 60 & 120/uneven, brittle
Form/Other prop: tabular, granular, earthy, soft |
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Term
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Definition
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Chemical comp: Cu
Luster: mettalic
Hardness/Density: 2.5-3/8.9
Color: copper-red, tarnish black, blue, green
Streak: copper-red, shiny
Cleavage/Fracture: None/hackly, ductile & malleable
Form/Other prop: flattened, elongated, distorted, scales, plates, lumps, branching aggregates |
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Term
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Definition
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Chemical comp: Al2O3
Luster: vitreous
Hardness/Density: 9/3.9-4.1
Color: white, gray, brown-black, deep red, blue
Streak: White
Cleavage/Fracture: None/uneven, conchoidal, fluorescent
Form/Other prop: brittle, tapering primatic, pyramidal, tabular, often striated |
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Term
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Definition
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Chemical comp: CuS
Luster: submettalic
Hardness/Density: 1.5-2/4.6-4.8
Color: Dark indigo-blue, often brass yellow and deep red
Streak: lead gray to black
Cleavage/Fracture: Perfect 1 dir/uneven, thin laminae flexible
Form/Other prop: commonly massive, platy characteristics
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Term
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Definition
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Chemical comp: Cu2O
Luster: submetallic, adamantine or dull
Hardness/Density: 3.5-4/6.1
Color: Ruby-red, reddish black,
Streak: brownish red
Cleavage/Fracture: Poor/uneven, translucent, brittle
Form/Other prop: compact, granular, earthy, capillary, usually octahedral |
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Term
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Definition
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Chemical comp: CaMg(CO3)2
Luster: vitrous, pearly
Hardness/Density: 3.5-4/2.8-2.9
Color: white, colorless, pink, gray, green, brown, black
Streak: white
Cleavage/Fracture: Perfect in 3 dir/conchoidal, uneven
Form/Other prop: curved faces, granualr, compact, massive, cleavage masses, powder fizzed in acid |
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Term
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Definition
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Chemical Comp: CaF2
Luster: vitreous
Hardness/Density: 4/3.0-3.2
Color: Violet, blue, green, yellow, brown, bluish black, pink, rose-red, colorless, white
Streak: white
Cleavage/Fracture: Perfect in 4 dir/uneven, fluorescent
Form/Other prop: usually cubic, cleavage masses, granualr, columnar, perfect octahedral cleavage |
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Term
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Definition
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Chemical comp: (Zn,Mn,Fe2+)(Fe3+,Mn3+)2O4
Luster: metallic, dull
Hardness/Density: 5.5-6.5/5.1-5.2
Color: Iron-black
Streak: Black
Cleavage/Fracture: None, indistinct/subconchoidal, uneven
Form/Other prop: compact, granular, rounded disseminated grains, weak magnetism |
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Term
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Definition
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Chemical comp: PbS
Luster: metallic
Hardness/Density: 2.5/7.4-7.6
Color: Dark-light lead gray
Streak: dark lead gray
Cleavage/Fracture: perfect in 3 dir @90/subconchoidal (rare)
Form/Other prop: commonly in cubes, massive, cleavage fragments, fibrous |
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Term
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Definition
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Chemical comp: HFeO2
Luster: submetallic, adamantine, dull
Hardness/Denisty: 5-5.5/3.3-4.3
Color: Yellow, yellowish brown, dark brown, black, multicolored varnish
Streak: yellow, yellowish brown
Cleavage/Fracture: Perfect in 1 dir/uneven, splintery
Form/Other prop: small, black, shining, prismatic, acicular, flattened plates, compact, granular, fibrous, foliated, earthy |
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Term
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Definition
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Chemical Comp: C
Luster: metallic
Hardness/Density: 1-2/1.9-2.3
Color: Steel-gray to iron-black
Streak: Grayish to black
Cleavage/Fracture: Perfect 1 dir
Form/Other prop: foliated, scaly, granular, earthy, foliated, sectile, flexable |
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Term
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Definition
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Chemical comp: CaSO4.2H2O
Luster: vitreous, pearly on cleavage
Hardness/Density: 1.5-2/2.3-2.4
Color: white, colorless, gray, yellow, red, brown
Streak: white
Cleavage/Fracture: Perfect in 1 dir/conchoidal, earthy
Form/Other prop: untwinned single crystals, granular, massive, fibrous, very soft, flat crystals, earthy |
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Term
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Definition
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Chemical comp: NaCl
Luster: vitreous
Hardness/Density: 2-2.5/2.16
Color: colorless, or tints of gray, yellow, red, blue
Streak: white
Cleavage/Fracture: perfect, 3 @ 90/conchoidal, brittle
Form/Other prop: salty taste, usually in cubes, granular, compact, faces are commonly cavernous |
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Term
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Definition
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Chemical comp: Fe2O3
Luster: metallic
Hardness/Density: 5-6
Color: Steel gray, silver, black
Streak: Steel gray reddish brown
Cleavage/Fracture: None/uneven, splintery, brittle
Form/Other prop: thick to thin tabular, striated,, compact, granular, radiated, micaceous, botryoidal, columnar
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Term
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Definition
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Chempical comp: Fe2O3
Luster: earthy, dull
Hardness/Density: 5-6/4.9-5.3
Color: Red, reddish-brown, black
Streak: drak red, cherry red, brownish red
Cleavage/Fracture: None/uneven, splintery
Form/Other prop: thick to thin tabular, earthy, subparallel growths, compact, granular, reniform, columnar, botryoidal
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Term
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Definition
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Chemical comp: FeTiO3
Luster: metallic, submetallic
Hardness/Density: 5-6/4.5-4.7
Color: Iron-black, browninsh black
Streak: iron-black, brownish black
Cleavage/Fracture: None/conchoidal, brittle
Form/Other prop: commonly thick tabular, granular, compact, disseminated, weak magnestism |
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Term
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Definition
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Chemical comp: Fe3O4
Luster: metallic
Hardness/Density: 5.5-6.5/4.9-5.2
Color: Iron-black
Streak: Black
Cleavage/Fracture: None/subconchoidal, uneven, brittle
Form/Other prop: stongly magnetic, massive, coarse or fine granualr, lamellar |
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Term
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Definition
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Chemical comp: Cu2CO3(OH)2
Luster: adamantine, silky, dull
Hardness/Density: 3.5-4/3.9-4
Color: Emerald-green, grass-green, dark green
Streak: light green
Cleavage/Fracture: Perfect 1 dir./conchoidal, splintery, brittle
Form/Other prop: primatic, radial, fibrous, botryoidal, stalactic, earthy, incrusting |
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Term
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Definition
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Chemical comp: FeS2
Luster: metallic
Hardness/Density: 6-6.5/4.8-4.9
Color: Pale brass-yellow to white, tarnish yellow to brown
Streak: dark greenish to brown
Cleavage/Fracture: Distinct in 2 dir/uneven, brittle
Form/Other prop: tabular, capillary (rare), stalactic w/radiating structure, twin crystals showing coxcomb and spear shapes common |
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Term
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Definition
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Chemical comp: MoS2
Luster: metallic
Hardness/Density: 1-1.5/4.6-5.1
Color: bluish lead-gray
Streak: grayish black
Cleavage/Fracture: perfect 1 dir/sectile, thin flakes
Form/Other prop: feels greasy, scaley, foliated masses, flexible laminae |
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Term
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Definition
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Chemical comp: NiAs
Luster: metallic
Hardness/Density: 5-5.5/7.8
Color: light copper-red, tarnish gray to black, may have coating of green annabergite
Streak: brownish black
Cleavage/Fracture: None/uneven
Form/Other prop: distoted and striated, massive, columnar structure |
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Term
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Definition
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Chemical comp: As2S3
Luster: resinous, pearly
Hardness/Density: 1.5-2/3.4-3.5
Color: Lemon-yellow, orange
Streak: lemon-yellow
Cleavage/Fracture: Good 1 dir/thin flakes, flexible
Form/Other prop: slightly sectile, usually foliated, granualr, earthy incrustations |
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Term
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Definition
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Chemical comp: FeS2
Luster: metallic
Hardness/Density: 6-6.5/4.9-5.2
Color: Pale yellow to brass yellow, often tarnished
Streak: greenish black
Cleavage/Fracture: None/uneven, brittle
Form/Other prop: often in cubes with parallel striations, nodules, massive forms, fine to coarse granular, mammillary, striking with steel with produce sparks |
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Term
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Definition
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Chemical comp: MnO2
Luster: metallic to dull
Hardness/Density: 6-6.5/4.4-5
Color: Black to steel-gray, sometimes bluish
Streak: black, bluish black
Cleavage/Fracture: Perfect in 1 dir/splintery, uneven
Form/Other prop: brittle, massive columnar or fibrous, radial, granular to powdery |
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Term
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Definition
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Chemical comp: Fe1-xS (x- ranges between 0-0.2)
Luster: metallic
Hardness/Density: 3.5-4.5/4.5-4.6
Color: yellowish to brownish bronze, tarnish dark brown
Streak: dark grayish black
Cleavage/Fracture: none/uneven
Form/Other prop: some faces striated, stongly to weakly magnectic |
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Term
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Definition
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Chemical comp: AsS
Luster: resinous, adamantine, dull
Hardness/Density: 1.5-2/3.5-3.6
Color: deep red to orange, yellow upon exposure to light
Streak: orange-yellow
Cleavage/Fracture: good/conchoidal, slightly sectile
Form/Other prop: usually prismatic, granular, earthy, incrusting |
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Term
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Definition
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Chemical comp: MnCO3
Luster: vitrous, pearly
Hardness/Density: 3.5-4/3.4-3.6
Color: pink, rose-red, dark red, brown
Streak: white
Cleavage/Fracture: perfect/uneven
Form/Other prop: brittle, cleavage masses, granular, compact, botryoidal. distinct crystals uncommon, phombohedral cleavage |
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Term
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Definition
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Chemical comp: (BaH2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10
Luster: sub metallic
Hardness/Density: 5-6/6.45
Color: grayish black, black, steel gray
Streak: brown black
Cleavage/Fracture: none/
Form/Other prop: acicular, fibrous, botryoidal |
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Term
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Definition
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Chemical comp: TiO2
Luster: adamantine, submetallic
Hardness/Density: 6-6.5/4.2-4.3
Color: red, reddish brown, black
Streak: white, gray
Cleavage/Fracture: distinct, good in 2 dir/uneven, brittle
Form/Other prop: commonly long, striated prismatic crystals, acicular, compact, twinned crystals |
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Term
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Definition
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Chemical comp: FeCO3
Luster: vitreous, pearly, dull
Hardness/Density: 3.5-4/3.8-3.9
Color: light to dark brown, reddish brown, white
Streak: white, pale yellow
Cleavage/Fracture: perfect in 3 dir/uneven, brittle
Form/Other prop: commonly rhombohedral w/curved faces, prismatic, granular, compact, massive, fibrous. botryoidal, magnetic when heated |
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Term
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Definition
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Chemical comp: ZnS
Luster: resinous, adamantine, submetallic
Hardness/Density: 3.5-4/3.9-4.1
Color: yellow, brown, red, green, black; rare: white, gray
Streak: light brown
Cleavage/Fracture: perfect 6 dir/conchoidal, brittle
Form/Other prop: faces ofen rounded, cleavage masses, granular, compact, botryoidal |
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Term
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Definition
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Chemical comp: Sb2S3
Luster: metallic
Hardness/Density: 2/4.6
Color: lead-gray, tarnish black
Streak: dark lead-gray
Cleavage/Fracture: Perfect 1 dir/uneven
Form/Other prop: crystals lightly flexible, striated lengthwise, bent or twisted, bladed, in radiated groups, columnar masses, granular |
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Term
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Definition
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Chemical comp: Cu12Sb4S13
Luster: metallic
Hardness/Density: 3-4/4.6-5.1
Color: steel-gray to iron-black
Streak: dark gray, black, reddish brown
Cleavage/Fracture: none/uneven to subconchoidal, brittle
Form/Other prop: tetrahedral form of crystals, compact, coarse to fine granular, sometimes groups of parallel crystals |
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Term
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Definition
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Chemical comp: BaCO3
Luster: vitreous, greasy
Hardness/Density: 3-3.5/4.3-4.4
Color: white, gray, yellowish-gray
Streak: white
Cleavage/Fracture: distinct 1 dir/uneven, brittle
Form/Other prop: fluorescent, always twinned, compact, granular, radial fibrous, lamellar, forms pseudohexagonal dipyramids |
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Term
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Definition
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Chemical comp: (Zn, Mn)O
Luster: adamantine
Hardness/Density: 4/5.4-5.7
Color: deep red to orange, yellow, or brown
Streak: orange-yellow
Cleavage/Fracture: perfect 1 dir, basal parting/conchoidal
Form/Other prop: brittle, crystals rare and usually pyramidal, usually massive, lamellar, granualr. |
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