Term
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Definition
| knowledge and proficiency in a specific field |
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Definition
| the ability to work well with other people |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to think and conceptualize about abstract and complex situations concerning the organization |
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Term
| which needs more conceptual? |
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Definition
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Term
| which needs more technical? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| interest rates, inflation, changes in disposable income, stock fluctuations, and business cycle stages |
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Definition
| concerned with trends in population characteristics: age, race, gender, etc. |
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Term
| political/legal environment |
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Definition
| looks at federal, state, and local laws as well as global laws and ones of other countries |
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Term
| sociocultural environment |
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Definition
| values, attitudes, trends, traditions, lifestyles, beliefs, tastes, and patterns of behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| the degree of change and complexity in an organizations environment (dynamic vs. stable) |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of components in an organization's environment and the extent of the org's knowledge about those |
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Definition
| based on what they experience with the organization |
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Term
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Definition
| concerned with how they can perceive/describe it |
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Definition
| a culture in which organization values promote a sense of meaningful work taking place in the context of community |
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Term
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Definition
| the obligation of a business to meet its economic and legal responsibilities and nothing more (the classic view) |
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Term
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Definition
| when a firm engages in social actions in response to some popular social need |
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Term
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Definition
| businesses' intention, beyond its legal and economic obligations to do the right things and act in ways that are good for society (socioeconomic view) |
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Term
| LEGAL (levels of involvement) |
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Definition
| simply doing what is required legally |
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Term
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Definition
| respond to environmental preferences of customers |
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Term
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Definition
| works to meet environmental demands of multiple stakeholders; employees, suppliers, or community |
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Term
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Definition
| looks for ways to protect the earth's natural resources |
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Term
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Definition
- sticking to the rules to avoid physical punishment
- following rules only where doing so is your immediate interest |
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Term
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Definition
- living up to what is expected by people close to you
- maintaining conventional order by fulfilling obligations to which you have agreed |
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Term
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Definition
- valuing rights of others and upholding absolute values and rights regardless of majority's opinion
- following self-chosen ethical principles even if they violate the law |
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Term
| employees who face ethical dilemmas need __________ ____________ so they can do what is right without fear of reprimand. |
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Definition
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Term
| Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) |
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Definition
| it's illegal to corrupt a foreign official, yet "token" payments to officials are permissible when doing so is an accepted practice in the country |
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Term
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Definition
| individuals who raise ethical concerns or issues to others |
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Term
| what act protects whistle-blowers? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| - new or unusual (not a lot of information); ambiguous |
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Term
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Definition
- lower level chooses
- information readily available |
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Term
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Definition
- upper level chooses
- information ambiguous
- goals are vague
- longer time frame
- relies on judgement |
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Term
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Definition
| decision making that is rational, but limited by an individual's ability to process information |
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Term
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Definition
| accepting solutions that are "good enough" |
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Term
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Definition
1. identify problem
2. develop, analyze, and select alternatives
3. implement decision
4. evaluate to improve |
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Term
| intuitive decision making |
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Definition
| making decision on the basis of experience, feeling, and accumulated judgment |
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Term
| components of intuitive decision making |
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Definition
1. experience-based
2. affect-initiated (feelings or emotions)
3. cognitive-based (skills, knowledge, training)
4. subconscious mental processing
5. values or ethics-based |
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Term
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Definition
| a person's tendency to use external data/facts; the habit of processing information through rational, logical thinking |
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Term
| non-linear thinking style |
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Definition
| a person's preference for internal sources of information; a method of processing this information with internal insights, feeling, and hunches |
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Term
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Definition
| using "rules of thumb" to simplify decision making |
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Term
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Definition
| holding unrealistically positive views of oneself and one's performance |
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Term
| immediate gratification bias |
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Definition
| choosing alternatives that offer immediate rewards and avoid immediate costs |
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Term
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Definition
| fixating on initial information and ignoring subsequent information |
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Term
| selective perception bias |
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Definition
| selecting, organizing, and interpreting events based on the decision maker's biased perceptions |
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Term
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Definition
| seeking out information that reaffirms past choices while discounting contradictory information |
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Term
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Definition
| selecting and highlighting certain aspects of a situation while ignoring other aspects |
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Term
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Definition
| losing decision-making objectivity by focusing on the most recent events |
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Term
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Definition
| drawing analogies and seeing identical situations when none exist |
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Term
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Definition
| creating unfounded meaning out of random events |
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Term
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Definition
| forgetting that current actions cannot influence past events and relate only to future consequences |
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Term
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Definition
| taking quick credit for successes and blaming outside factors and failures |
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Term
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Definition
| mistakenly believing that an event could have been predicted once the actual outcome is known (after-the-fact) |
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Term
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Definition
- 1st stage
- people join the group and then define the group's purpose, structure, and leadership |
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Term
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Definition
- 2nd stage
- characterized by intragroup conflict about who will be leading and what they'll be doing |
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Term
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Definition
- 3rd stage
- close relationships develop and the group becomes cohesive |
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Term
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Definition
- 4th stage
- everything starts to work and begin working on task |
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Term
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Definition
- last stage
- group prepares to disband focusing on wrapping up activities |
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Term
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Definition
| when a group exerts extensive pressure on an individual to align his or her opinion with that of others |
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Term
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Definition
| a prestige grading, position, or rank within a group |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency for individuals to expend less effort when working collectively than when working individually |
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Term
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Definition
| the degree to which group members are attracted to one another and share the group's goals |
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Term
| traditional view of conflict |
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Definition
| the view that all conflict is bad and must be avoided |
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Term
| human relation view of conflict |
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Definition
| the view that conflict is a natural and inevitable outcome in any group |
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Term
| interactionist view of conflict |
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Definition
| the view that some conflict is necessary for a group to perform effectively |
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Term
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Definition
| conflicts that support a group's goals and improve its performance |
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Term
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Definition
| destructive and prevents a group from achieving its goals |
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Term
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Definition
| relates to the content and goals of the work |
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Term
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Definition
| focuses on interpersonal relations |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to how the work gets done |
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Term
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Definition
| teams from the same department or functional area involved in efforts to improve work activities or to solve specific problems |
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Term
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Definition
| formal group of employees who operate without a manager and are responsible for a complete work process or segment |
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Term
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Definition
| composed of individuals from various functional specialties |
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Term
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Definition
- uses technology to link physically dispersed members in order to achieve a common goal
- tend to be more task-oriented |
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Term
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Definition
| performance measure of effectiveness and efficiency |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the part of an attitude that's made up of the beliefs, opinions, knowledge, or information held by a person |
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Term
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Definition
| the emotional or feeling part of an attitude |
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Term
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Definition
| the part that refers to an intention to behave in a certain way toward someone or something |
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Term
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Definition
| an employee's general attitude toward his/her job |
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Term
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Definition
| the degree to which an employee identifies with his/her job, actively participates in it and considers his/her job performance to be important to self-worth |
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Term
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Definition
| identifies with goals and wishes to maintain membership in that organization |
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Term
| perceived organization support |
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Definition
| believe that their organization values their contribution and cares about their well-being |
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Term
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Definition
| when employees are connected to, satisfied with, and are enthusiastic about their jobs |
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Term
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Definition
| any incompatibility or inconsistency between attitudes or between behavior and attitudes |
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Term
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Definition
| the unique combination of emotional, thought, and behavioral patterns that affect how a person reacts to situations and interacts with others |
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Term
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Definition
1. extraversion
2. agreeableness
3. conscientiousness
4. emotional stability
5. openness to experience |
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Term
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Definition
| a measure of the degree to which people are pragmatic, maintain emotional distance, and believe that ends justify means |
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Term
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Definition
| an individual's degree of like or dislike for him/herself |
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Term
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Definition
| a personality trait that measures the ability to adjust behavior to external situational factors |
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Term
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Definition
| a trait belonging to people who identify opportunities, show initiative, take action, and persevere until meaningful change occurs |
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Term
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Definition
| an individual's ability to overcome challenges and turn them into opportunities |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to notice and to manage emotional cues and information |
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Term
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Definition
| how the actions of individuals are perceived by others depends on what meaning (causation) we attribute to a given behavior |
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Term
| fundamental attribution error |
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Definition
| the tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and to overestimate the influence of internal or personal factors |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency of individuals to attribute their successes to internal factors while blaming personal failures on external factors |
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Term
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Definition
| the assumption that others are like oneself |
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Term
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Definition
| a general impression of an individual based on a single characteristic |
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Term
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Definition
| a theory of learning that says behavior is a function of its consequences |
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Term
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Definition
| voluntary or learned behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
| a theory of learning that says people can learn through observation and direct experience |
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