Term
| changes to an organism reproducing asexually occur as a result of... |
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Definition
| mutations (alterations in DNA sequences cause by environmental factors or errors in DNA replication. |
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Term
| how do single celled prokaryotes reproduce? |
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Definition
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Term
| how do single celled eukaryotes reproduce asexually? |
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Definition
| mitosis (makes two genetically identical cells) |
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Term
| sexual reproduction involves the fusion of... |
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Definition
| two specialized cells called gametes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| compare cells formed via meiosis to parent cells |
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Definition
| daughter cells have only half the genetic material of the original cell |
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Term
| DNA in eukaryotic cells is organized how? |
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Definition
in chromosomes-
each chromosome is a SINGLE molecule of DNA and associated proteins |
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Term
| in multicellular organisms, call cells that don't do reproduction... |
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Definition
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Term
| how many sets of chromosomes do somatic cells contain |
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Definition
| contain two pairs of chromosomes (a pair = "homologous chromosomes") |
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Term
| two chromosomes of a homologous pair contain... |
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Definition
| corresponding, altho not identical, genetic info |
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Term
| why is a gamete considered to be "haploid"? |
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Definition
| contains only a single set of chromosomes (one chromosome from each pair of homologous chromosomes) |
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Term
| what do you call the zygote cell and why? |
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Definition
| diploid- its got the chromosomes from each of the gametes contributing to it (so chromosomes are paired up) |
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Term
| what term can be used to describe both zygotes and somatic cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| what does the term "haplontic organism" mean? |
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Definition
| when the organism is only diploid during zygote phase and once mature is haploid |
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Term
| what does the term "alternation of generations" refer to? |
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Definition
| haploid spores mature into haploid gametophyte, which forms gametes that fuse to produce diploid zygote which matures into diploid sporophyte which then makes haploid spores and the cycle continues |
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Term
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Definition
| gametes are only time that organism is haploid; once mature, organism is diploid |
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Term
| two processes that create genetically identical cells |
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Definition
| binary fission and mitosis |
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Term
| 4 events that must occur for any cell to divide |
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Definition
reproductive signal
replication of DNA
segregation (distribution of replicated DNA to each of the two new cells)
new enzymes, organelles, plasma membrane must be made & cytokinesis |
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Term
| what makes the chromosomes of some prokaryotes circular? |
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Definition
| the ends of the single DNA molecule are covalently joined |
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Term
| what are the two regions of the prokaryotic chromosome that play functional roles in cell reproduction? |
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Definition
ori (the site where replication of circular chromosome starts)
ter (the site where replication ends or terminates) |
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