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The term _________ originally a derogatory term named after the Goths, is used to describe the history, culture, and art of Western Europein the 12th to 14th centuries. |
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In the early 14th century, people began to manifest a growing interest in the natural world. Accordingly, artists such as Giotto and Duccio, for example, began to abandon some of the conventions of medieval art and increasingly based their artworks on their worldly observations, resulting in a greater naturalism in art.
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Giotto is of what century and what nationaility? |
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| Simone Martini is what century and what nationality? |
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In the Hall of Peace of Siena’s city hall ______________________ painted an illusionistic panorama of a bustling city in his Good Government fresco Peaceful City, which served as an allegory of good government in the Sienese republic. |
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The most devastating natural disaster in Europe during the late 1300s was which of the following? |
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In reorganizing the elements in the Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints (Maestà) _________________ recognized the function of work by limiting his experimentation with depicting the narrative action and producing illusionistic effects. He then modeled the forms and adjusted their placement within the pictorial space. |
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What did Giotto incorporate in his work at the Arena Chapel? |
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| Giotto’s revolution in painting ________. |
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| Restored the naturalistic approach of classical antiquity and based painted images on observed naturalism. |
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A pupil of Duccio, ______ was instrumental in the creation of the International Style, as seen in his painting the Annunciation, which expresses elegant shapes, radiant color, flowing line, intricate patterns, and weightless figures in golden, spaceless settings. |
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| 15th century art in _______ included Consolidating political power; Emerging capitalism: Patrons of 15th-century art included royal courts, clergymen and the middle class; Public Devotional Imagery; Piety and Politics; REdedmption and salvation; Oil paint and glazes; Private Devotional Imagery; and Graphic Art. |
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| Patrons of 15th-century Northern Art included ____. |
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| Royal courts, clergymen, and the middle class. |
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| Jan van Eyck is what kind of artist? |
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| Early Northern Renaissance. |
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| Commissioned for private use ________'s Annunciation is set in a typical Flemist merchant's home. |
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| The left panel of Robert Campin's Mérode Altarpiece contains the portraits of the ______. |
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| ____________'s painting Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride is loaded with iconography, in which Erwin Panofsky called concealed or disguised symbolism. |
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| In early Northern Renaissance guilds facilitated much of the art, silversmiths and other trade and were also patrons of the arts. In fact ________'s Deposition was commissed by the Archers Guild of Louvain. |
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| The claender pictures of the ________ Brothers' Les Tres Riches Heures du Duc de Berry represent the 12 months of the year in terms of associated tasks, along wiht a lunette depicting the zodiac signs. |
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| German fifteenth-century art is characterized by ____. |
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| Proliferation of provincial styles. |
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| Due to _____'s accuracy in his painting the Miraculous Draught of Fish, 1444, the landscape has been identified as a view of the shores of Lake Geneva. This is one of the first 15th-century paintings to depict a specific site. |
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| __________ was the most skilled and subtle 15th century northern master of meral engraving as exemplified by his worked titled Saint Anthony Tormented by Demons. |
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| The ______ was characterized by a renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman art and design and included an emphasis on human beings, their environement, sciene, and philosophy. |
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| Some of the main social beliefss of the ________ are: The increased intrusion of secular subjects into art, including art with religious function; a new appreciation of the world of natural appearancec and the search for technical means to allow imitating nature; recognition of the value of, and interest in living people; the assertion of ego in phenomena such as the portrait; the ability to seperate intellectual inquiry from matters of faith--the ability to be a good Christian and also study the pagan classics; the rise of modern scientific methods and attitudes (and the helpmate of art as illustration in advancing science); and the invention of printing, the beginnings of the communications revolution that still occupies us. |
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| Renaissance art is characterized by _____. |
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| __________ was one of the pioneers in the development of a system to create the illusion of three dimensions on a two-dimensional surface, a system called |
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| Donatello is from what century, country, and style? |
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| 15th Century Italian Renaissance. |
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The major significance of Donatello's bronze statue of David is that it is the first freestanding nude scupture since ancient times.
True or false? |
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| Masaccio's Holy Trinity embodies Renaissance ____. |
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| Realism based on observation and application of mathematics to pictorial organization but not interest in classical mythology. |
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| _______'s Madonna and Child with Angels reoresents the Virgin and Christ Child in a distinctly wordly manner, carrying the humanization of the holy family further than ever before. |
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| Botticelli is what region and style artist? |
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| Using the model Simonetta Vespucci for his paintings Birth of Venus and also Primavera _______ painted the works for Lorenzo de Medici's country villa just outside Florence, so they were not intended for public vieww, and thus was saved from the "bonfires for the vanities". |
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| Employing Tuscan, Composite, Corinthian orders of capitals for the Palazzo Rucellai, Leon Battista Alberti was influenced by the _______ |
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| Dead Christ by ________ is "both a harrowing study of a strongly foreshortened cadaver and an intensely depiction of a biblical tragedy." |
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| No singular style characterizes the period of the ________, but the major artists of the period, Leonardo da Vinci: inventor, naturalist, and painter of the soul; Donato Bramante: the Pope's architect; Michelangelo Buonarroti: sculptor with divine power; Raphael Raffaelo Sanzio: the true painter, exhibit a high level of technical and aesthetic mastery. These artists also enjoyed an elevated social status, while their art was raised to the status formerly only given to poetry. |
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| Dissastisfaction with the leadersship and policies of the Roman Catholic Church led to the Protestant Reformation. In response, the Catholic church initiated the _______ |
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| ____________ depicted monumental figures in a scnee of tranquil grandeur and balance in his cartoon The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne and Saint John the Baptist. |
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| Michelangelo's David is thought to be a ________. |
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| Portrait of the artist as a young man. |
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| _____________'s Philosophy (School of Athens) was painted for the papal apartment of Pope Julius II, which shows a congregation of philosophers and scientists of the ancient world. |
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| Commissioned by Ferdinand & Isabella of Spain, __________'s the Tempietto is the courtyard where St.Pete was thought to have been crucified. |
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| ________ artists during the High Renaissance developed a "poetic", lyrical, and sensual art, whereas artists in Florence and Rome gravitated toward grand, heroic, esoteric, and intellectual themes. |
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| Palladio's ___________ has four identical facades, each one resembling a Roman Temple with a dome-covered rotunda modeled on the Pantheon |
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| ____________'s painting Venus of Urbino was commisioned by the Duke of Urbino as a tribute to the mythical Venus figure, yet is nothing more than a femal nude for his personal enjoyment. |
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| Mannerist art is characterized by _____________. |
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| Imbalanced compositions, elongated figures, and complex and sometimes indecipherable meaning. |
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| __________'s painting Madonna with the Long Neck displays the stylish elegance that was a principal aim of Mannerism. Mary has an oval head, and long slenderneck, attenuated hands, and a sinuous body. |
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| ____________ is regarded as the first female artist to have a major artistic career and traveled to Spain to paint for the court of King Philip II. |
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| ___________ was the leading female artist of her time. Her contemporaries geatly admired her use of relaxed poses and expressions in intimate and informal group portraits, such as her painting Portrait of the Artist's Sisters and Brother. |
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The dissolution of the burgundian Netherlands in 1477 led to a shift in the European geopolitical landscape in the early 16th century. France and the Holy Romane Empire expanded their territories, and Spain eventually became the dominant power in Europe. Despite the tumultuous religious conflict engulfing 16th-century Europe, the exchange of intellectual and artistic ideas continued to thrive. Catholic Italy and the (mostly) Protestant Holy Roman Empire shared in a lively commerce - economically and culturally.
True or False? |
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| Befitting its setting in a monastic hospital, __________'s Isenheim Altarpiece includes painted panels depicting suffering and disease but also miraculous healing, hope, and salvation. |
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Catholics and Protestants differed on the role of visual imagery in religion. Catholics embraced church decoration ad an aid to communicating with God, whereas Protestants believed such imagery could lead to idolatry and distracted viewers from communicating directly with God. Because of this, Protestant churches were relatively bare. However, Protestants did use art, and especially prints, as a teaching tool.
True or False? |
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| ____________ was a German theologian who challenged papal authority due to widespread dissatisfaction with the Church, especially objecting to the sale of indulgences, who in 1517 nailed 95 Theses to the door of the Castle Church. |
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| Albrecht Durer was what region and style of artist? |
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| In Albrecht Durer's engraving The Fall of Man (Adam and Eve) his interest in classical ideas, as transmitted through Italian Renaissance artists, are studied with the ____________ of human porportions. |
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| Bosch's work ________ is a warning to viewers of the fate awaiting the sinful, decadent, and immoral. |
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| Garden of Earthly Delights |
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| In the double portrait French Ambassadors, ___________ depiected two Humanists with a collection of objects reflective of their wordliness and learning, including an anamorphic death's-head. |
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| Pieter Bruegel is what region and style of artist? |
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| Pieter Bruegel's painting ___________ depicts in a bird's eye view a typical Netherlandish villange populated by a wide range of people (nobility, peasants, and clerics) in order to illustrate over one hundred proverbs. |
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| El Greco's art is characterized by _______ |
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| Venetian colorism, byzantine influence, fervent Spains Catholicism, and elongated figures and undefined space. |
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| Although the miracle was supposed to have occured 200 years before the commision, __________'s painting The Burial of Count Orgaz contains a self-portrait of the artist and also a portrait of the artist's son. |
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| In Italy the transformation of painting, sculpture, and architecture from Mannerism to an early ______ mode coincided with the Council of Trent's call in 1563 for art that would instruct and cultivate piety though simplicity. |
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| Among the general characteristics of Baroque art are a sense of movement, energy, and tension (whether real or implied). _______ is the element that is probably the unifying theme of the formal changes in the transition from Renaissance to Baroque. |
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Restrained spirituality is often present in works of Baroque art; in the Roman Catholic countries, for example, scenes of ectasies, matyrdoms, or miraculous apparitions are not common.
True or False? |
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| Gianlorenzo Bernini's David is thought to be a __________ |
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| Self-portraits of the artist. |
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| Baroque architecture is distinguished from Renaissance architecture by its _______. |
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| Sculptural treatment of surfaces and use of projection and recession, and use of the classical architectural vocabulary. |
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| __________ rejected the traditional notion that a building's facade should be a flat frontispiece. He set San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane's facade in undulating motion, creating a dynamic counterpoint of concave and convex elements. |
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| ______'s painting The Calling of Saint Matthew, he utilizes the style of stark contrast of light and dark, dynamic composition, tenebroso or "night lighting" and realistic detail. Christ is cloaked in mysterious shadow and almost unseen, as he summons Levi the tax collector (Saint Matthew) to a higher calling. |
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| Narratives involving heroic women were a favorite theme of female artist Artemisia ________. In her painting Judith Slaying Holofernes, the controlled highlights recall Caravaggio's paintings and heightened drama. |
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| Velázquez is what region and style of artist. |
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| The Spanish Baroque artist Diego ________ is considered the "painters' painter." |
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| The subject of Diego Velázquez's painting Las Meninas represents |
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| The Infanta Margarita with her two maids-in-waiting, her favorite dwarfs, and a large dog, the King & Queen reflected in the mirror, as well as a man and a woman in the background. |
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In the sixteenth century, Protestants in the northern provinces of the Netherlands broke away from Spain and established the Dutch Republic. The southern provinces that remained loyal to Spain and retained Catholicism as their official religion became the Spanish Netherlands or Flanders (more or less modern-day Belgium).
True or False? |
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| Peter Paul Rubens is what region and style artist? |
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| Peter Paul _____, a much sought-after painter, was also an ambassador and diplomat. |
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| In _________'s mature style, with its exceedingly rich colours, dynamic compositions, and voluptuous female forms, is the peak of Northern Baroque painting and is exemplified by his famous series of 21 huge canvases, The L'ife of Marie de Medicis 1621-1625, including his Arrival of Maride de' Medici at Marseilles. |
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| In the tradition of self-portraiture stemming from Jan van Eyck's (c.1390-1441) Ghent Altarpiece (1432) and his Van der Paele Madonna (1436) in which van Eyck mirors himself in St.George's armor, ________ does the same in her painting Still Life (1611), whereby she intricately places herself in eight different images on a covered goblet. |
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| ______ Baroque artists depicted religious subjects not as testimonials to theology but as calm and contemplative scenes. They favored secular themes, landscapes, portraiture, and still life. |
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The unique difference between Dutch Baroque and Italian Baroque is its appeal to the senses. It provides insight into the lives of the Dutch and the social history of Holland at the time. Unlike Italian Baroque art it is not an illustration of great themes or philosophies. It is more comfortable with the daily routine of Dutch households and urban affairs, both commercial and domestic.
True or False? |
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| Rembrandt is what region and style of artist? |
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| Rembrandt is known for his _______ |
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| Masterful use of light and shadow and Protestant interpretations of Scripture, and penetrating images of the human soul. |
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| Terms associated with still-life painting include ______. |
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| Vanitas and memento mori. |
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| ____________'s work the Allegory of Painting depicts the artist with his back to the viewer, painting a model that wears a laurel wreath and holds a trumpet and book, which arte attribute of Clio, the muse of history. |
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| Jan Vermeer is what region and style of artist? |
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| Which French Baroque artist is credited with having established seventeeth century Classical painting, as seen in his painting Et in Arcadia Ego? |
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