Term
What are the first and last things to do before entering and leaving the lab area? |
|
Definition
1st: Read ALL directions
Last: Clean up your lab area |
|
|
Term
| Give 3 examples of how humans maintain homeostasis. |
|
Definition
1. Maintain a constant body temp. of 98.6
2. Maintain blood sugar level
3. Negative feedback |
|
|
Term
| Explain the difference detween independent and dependent variables. |
|
Definition
Independent can be changed no matter what.
Dependent depends on the independent. |
|
|
Term
| What is it meant by a controlled experiment? Why is it important to only test one variable at a time? |
|
Definition
Only one variable is tested at a time.
One variable depends on the other, so if the results of the independent have a certain outcome, that will determine the outcome of the other variable. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Biology is the study of life. |
|
|
Term
| Be able to interperet information from line graphs, bar graphs, pie charts, and data tables. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Explain the difference between a scientific theory and a hypothesis. |
|
Definition
Scientific theory: has yet to be proven
Hypothesis: can be proven |
|
|
Term
| What is the control in the experiment? |
|
Definition
The variable that gives an example of what would happen with no interference. |
|
|
Term
| What type of microscope would be used to view living examples? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Explain the difference between quantitative and qualitative data. |
|
Definition
Quantitative: How much data there is.
Qualitative: What kind of data it is. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the relationship between cells and organisms. |
|
Definition
Organelles--> Cells--> Tissues--> Organs--> Organisms |
|
|
Term
| List the 4 characteristics that all living things share. |
|
Definition
- Homeostasis
- Reproduction
- Organization
- Response to stimuli
|
|
|
Term
| Explain scientific theories, and list one reason why they may be altered or replaced. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of bond is responsible for the properties of water? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an atom? ... an element? ... a compound? ... a molecule? |
|
Definition
- basic unit of matter
- cannot be broken down into a simpler sebstance by ordinary chemical means
- a substance made of atoms of different elements bonded together in a certain ratio
- two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
|
|
|
Term
| How are compounds and mixtures different? |
|
Definition
| With mixtures, you are able to break it apart, but with compounds once its together there's no separating it. |
|
|
Term
| List the four carbon-based molecules and their associated building blocks. |
|
Definition
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Protein
- Nucleic Acids
|
|
|
Term
| What element is found in all organic molecules? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind special bonds link amino acids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why are lipids important? |
|
Definition
They are broken down as a source of usable energy for cells. |
|
|
Term
| Why are enzymes considered catalysts, and what factors control the efficiency of enzyme functions? |
|
Definition
They are needed for chemical reactions in living things. |
|
|
Term
What is the main difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
|
|
Definition
| Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus. |
|
|
Term
| Where would you find water with respect to the cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are cilia and flagella similar in function? |
|
Definition
| They both help the cell move. |
|
|
Term
| A cell placed in hypertonic solution will do what? What if it is placed in a hypotonic solution? |
|
Definition
In a hypertonic solution, the cell will swell or even burst.
In a hypotonic solution the cell can shrivel or even die. |
|
|
Term
| Which organelle is responsible for producing energy in the cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What organelle synthesizes protein? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Write the equation for photosynthesis and explain the reaction in words. |
|
Definition
6CO2 + 6H2O ---------------> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Carbon plus Water Light, Enzyme (equals) a sugar plus Oxygen
Dioxide |
|
|
Term
| Draw an example of inversion. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A mutation in which part of the chromosome or a sequence of DNA is missing. |
|
|
Term
| Draw a DNA molecule and explain the structure. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The branch of biology that deals with heredity. |
|
|
Term
| What are the parts of a DNA molecule? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to base pairing rules, cytosine paris with what, and thymine pairs with what? |
|
Definition
Cytosine to Guanine
Thymine to Adenine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Explain artificial selection and give a modern day example. |
|
Definition
Mating two of the same species against their will.
Dog breeding. |
|
|
Term
| Give a specific example of a population of organisms. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Natural selction explains how ______ can occur. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the difference between homologous, analogous, and vestigial structures? |
|
Definition
Homologous: Inherited from a common ancestor
Analogous: Same function, different structure
Vestigial: Once had a function for an ancestor, but not really needed now |
|
|
Term
| Why does genetic variation increase the chance that some individuals in a population? |
|
Definition
| Because of natural selection |
|
|
Term
| What are 3 sources of genetic variation in population? |
|
Definition
- Mutations
- Gene Flow
- Sexual Reproduction
|
|
|
Term
| Name 3 different forms of natural selection with respect to distribution of traits. |
|
Definition
- Directional selection
- Stabalizing selection
- Disruptive selection
|
|
|
Term
| How does speciation happen? |
|
Definition
| It happens through reproducive isolation. |
|
|
Term
| What were the first living things on Earth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the theory of endosymbriosis? |
|
Definition
| The evolution of eukaryotes. |
|
|
Term
| Write the equation for cellular respiration. |
|
Definition
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -----------> 6CO2 +6H2O |
|
|
Term
| Where does glycolysis happer (specifically inside the cell) and how many ATP molecules are generated per molecule of glucose? |
|
Definition
Glycolysis place in the cell's cytoplasm.
It produces many more ATP than photosynthesis. |
|
|
Term
| Draw and label the parts of a chloroplast and include the thykaloid and stroma. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do light dependent reactions take place? ... the dark reactions take place? |
|
Definition
- Takes place in the chloraphyll
- Takes place in the stroma of the chloroplast
|
|
|
Term
| Why do plants look green? |
|
Definition
They absorb every other color, but reflect green. |
|
|
Term
| ATP is most efficiently produced during what process? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Draw and label the stages of mitosis in the correct order. |
|
Definition
- interphase
- mitosis
- prophase
- metaphase
- anaphase
- telophse
- cytokinesis
|
|
|
Term
| Why is mitosis important for multicellular organisms? |
|
Definition
| It allows the organism to have more cells, and replaces cells that have died or were lost. |
|
|
Term
| List the advantages of asexual reproduction. |
|
Definition
- reproduce in large numbers in a short amount of time from only one parent
- energy not required to find a mate
- large colonies can form quickly
- large numbers may increase chance of survival if conditions or predatoprs change
|
|
|
Term
| List the advantages of sexual reproduction. |
|
Definition
- Variety in the offspring's genes
- 2 gametes joined together
|
|
|
Term
| During what phase of mitosis do chromosomes become visible? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is dividing during mitosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DNA is replicated during what phase of the cell cycle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Explain the difference between gonotype and phenotype. |
|
Definition
Phenotype is the physical characteristics of a set of genes.
Genotype is the genetic make-up of a specific set of genes. |
|
|
Term
| In a testcross what 2 individuals are crossed? |
|
Definition
| An organism with and unknown genotype, and an organism with the recessive phenotype. |
|
|
Term
| What is the result of meiosis? What is the result of mitosis? |
|
Definition
Meiosis: Four cells are produced.
Mitosis: Two cells are produced. |
|
|
Term
| Draw an illustration of crossing over. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Causes both genes to go to one offspring because of failure to separate. |
|
|
Term
| During meiosis, during which phase do homologous chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell? |
|
Definition
| Metaphase I & Metaphase II |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between haploid and dipliod chromosome number? |
|
Definition
Haploid: has only one set of chromosomes
Diploid: has two sets of chromosomes |
|
|
Term
| How many cells are in human somatic cells? ... in human gametes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Male and female gametes combine to form what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Explain sex linked traits. |
|
Definition
| They are traits that are hereditary. |
|
|
Term
| How would the following be presented in a pedegree? |
|
Definition
- Males exhibiting trait: Square completely colored
- Males without trait: white square
- Females exhibiting trait: circle completely colored
- Females without trait: white circle
- Females carrying trait: half-colored circle
|
|
|
