Term
Thomas Bacon (1700 – 1779) |
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Definition
- “Sermon to Maryland Slaves”
- Hierachy is of God
- Serve God by being a good slave
- Sin against a master is a sin against God
- Be happy as a slave
- God endowded some people with power and some people without
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Term
Sarah Osborn (1714 – 1796) |
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Definition
Charles Hambrick-Stowe, “The Spiritual Pilgrimage of Sarah Osborn”
Her life and writtings tell us...
- Women were a majority in most churches
- Womens private religious reflections were often taken as public models
- "She was very poor and loved God because of it" -me
- "I am a sinning monster" -her
- part of the first great awakening
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Term
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Definition
| an evangelical and revitalization movement that swept Protestant Europe and British America, and especially the American colonies in the 1730s and 1740s, leaving a permanent impact on American Protestantism. It resulted from powerful preaching that gave listeners a sense of deep personal revelation of their need of salvation by Jesus Christ. Pulling away from ritual, ceremony, sacramentalism and hierarchy, the Great Awakening made Christianity intensely personal to the average person by fostering a deep sense of spiritual conviction and redemption, and by encouraging introspection and a commitment to a new standard of personal moralit |
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Term
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Definition
"History works in patterns, in scripture"
the study and interpretation of types and symbols, originally especially in the Bible. |
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Term
Memorial and Remonstrance against Religious Assessments (1785) |
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Definition
- Religion can be directed only “by reason and conviction, not by force or violence.” A right and a duty that pre-exists civil society
- The bill is unfair in the burdens it imposes and the exemptions it extends. Offenses against men, to be sure. Also and offense AGAINST GOD.
- Rulers are not competent judges of religious truth. Religion should not be instrumentalized.
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Check out the scoreboard.
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Established religion is not necessary to the good functioning of the government.Governments thrive on freedom. Establishments promote tyranny.
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Contrary to the welcoming, generous spirit of the Republic. A slippery slope toward radical, institutionalized intolerance.
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Term
Act for Establishing Religious Freedom (1786) |
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Definition
| The statute affirms the rights of Virginians to choose their faiths without coercion; separates church and state; and, while acknowledging the right of future assemblies to change the law, concludes that doing so would "be an infringement of a natural right." |
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Term
Letter to the Danbury Baptists |
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Definition
"I shall see with sincere satisfaction the progress of those sentiments which tend to restore to man all his natural rights, convinced he has no natural right in opposition to his social duties."
Thomas Jefferson
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Term
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Definition
“Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof …” (1791)
“Monopolies” gave way to “free markets.”
Applicable only to the federal government. |
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Term
Second Great Awakening (1800 – 1840) |
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Definition
| a Religious revival movement during the early 19th century in the United States. The movement began around 1790, gained momentum by 1800 and, after 1820, membership rose rapidly among Baptist and Methodist congregations whose preachers led the movement. It was past its peak by the late 1850s. The Second Great Awakening reflectedRomanticism characterized by enthusiasm, emotion, and an appeal to the super-natural. It rejected the skeptical rationalism and deism of the Enlightenment. |
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Term
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Definition
a large camp meeting that was held in Cane Ridge, Kentuckyfrom August 6 to August 12 or 13, 1801.[1][2] It has been described as the "[l]argest and most famous camp meeting of the Second Great Awakening
- Filling a need: social, religious, or both?
Many men and women want some contact with religion.
Elites on the coast want some “civilization” on the Frontier. |
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Term
Francis Asbury (1745-1816) |
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Definition
was one of the first two bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church in theUnited States. As a young man in October 1771, the Englishman traveled to America and, during his 45 years there, he devoted his life to ministry, traveling on horseback and by carriage thousands of miles to those living on the frontier.
Asbury spread Methodism in America, as part of the Second Great Awakening. He also founded several schools during his lifetime, although his own formal education was limited. His journal is valuable to scholars for its account of frontier society. |
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Term
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Definition
| clergy in the earliest years of the United States who were assigned to travel around specific geographic territories to minister to settlers and organize congregations. Circuit riders were clergy in the Methodist Episcopal Church and related denominations. |
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Term
Charles Finney (1792-1875) |
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Definition
| an AmericanPresbyterian minister and leader in the Second Great Awakening in the United States. He has been called The Father of Modern Revivalism.[1] Finney was best known as an innovative revivalist during the period 1825–1835 in upstate New York and Manhattan, an opponent of Old School Presbyterian theology, an advocate of Christian perfectionism, and a religious writer. |
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Term
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Definition
the western and central regions of New York in the early 19th century, where religious revivals and the formation of new religious movements of the Second Great Awakening took place.[1]
The term was coined by Charles Grandison Finney, who in his 1876 bookAutobiography of Charles G. Finney, referred to a "burnt district" to denote an area in central and western New York State during the Second Great Awakening. He felt that the area had been so heavily evangelized as to have no "fuel" (unconverted population) left over to "burn" (convert). |
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Term
Joseph Smith (1805 – 1844) |
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Definition
"Prays to god about which religion is right" after the division of evangelical revivals
was an American religious leader and founder of Mormonism and the Latter Day Saint movement. When he was twenty-four, Smith published the Book of Mormon
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Term
Brigham Young (1801 – 1877) |
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Definition
mainstream mormanism
"Discourses"
New land of zion is america
we must build God's temple
an American leader in the Latter Day Saint movement and a settler of the Western United States. He was the President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1847 until his death in 1877. He founded Salt Lake City and he served as the first governor of the Utah Territory |
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Term
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Definition
| the belief that Christianityshould be restored along the lines of what is known about the apostolic early church, which restorationists see as the search for a more pure and more ancient form of the religion |
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Term
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Definition
| the belief in the spiritual or physical "end of the world," generally brought about in such a way that certain favored people will survive into paradise and the rest of the world will perish. |
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Term
| Ursuline Convent, Charlestown, MA |
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Definition
"Accounts of the Burning of the Charlestown Convent'
riots that occurred on August 11 and August 12, 1834 in Charlestown, Massachusetts, near Boston in what is now Somerville, Massachusetts. During the riot, a convent of Roman Catholic Ursuline nuns was burned down by a Protestant mob. The event was triggered by reported abuse of a member of the order, and was fueled by the rebirth of extreme anti-Catholic sentiment in antebellum New England. |
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Term
Lyman Beecher (1775 – 1863) |
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Definition
"A Plea for the West"
The west is growing exponentially in population and although the country is and will be economically successfull, they must preach in order to be successfull (saved) in the eyes of God"
Free from dark mindedness, animalism , and from being un educated
Leader of the second great awakening
a Presbyterian minister,American Temperance Society co-founder[1] and leader, and the father of 13 children, many of whom became noted figures |
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Term
The Invisible Institution |
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Definition
Everyday acts of subversion
moments of individual violance
nat turners rebellion, 1831: 55 whites killed
among slaves in the United States were informal Christian groups where slaves listened to preachers that they chose without their master's knowledge. |
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Term
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Definition
| are religious (generally Christian) songs that were created by enslaved African people in the United States. Spirituals were originally an oral tradition that imparted Christian values while also describing the hardships of slavery |
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Term
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Definition
a black American slave who led the Southampton insurrection, which has often been seen as the most effective slave rebellion in the South. In recent years, Turner has been a focus of cultural and historical debate.
"Do you realize the errors of your ways"
"was not Jesus Christ crucified" |
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Term
Frederick Douglass (1818 – 1895) |
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Definition
“Evangelical Flogging”
Former slave, anti-slavery orater who proved African americans can function on their own
After escaping from slavery, he became a leader of the abolitionistmovement, gaining note for his dazzling oratory[4] and incisive antislavery writings. He stood as a living counter-example to slaveholders' arguments that slaves lacked the intellectual capacity to function as independent American citizens |
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Term
James O. Andrew (1794 - 1871) |
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Definition
South didn't let him resign. Stayed away from slavery.
a nineteenth-century Methodist Episcopal Church bishop whose possession of slaves generated controversy within the denomination. Andrew became the symbol of the slavery issue that divided the church in 1844 and instigated the separation of northern and southern Methodist Episcopalians the following year. |
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Term
Benjamin Morgan Palmer (1818 – 1902) |
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Definition
"National Responsibility Before God"
Prsbyterian, N.O
The North is filled with athiest's.
Insubordination is not good
Do right in the eyes of God.
As pastor of the First Presbyterian Church of New Orleans, his Thanksgiving sermon in 1860 had a great influence in leading Louisiana to join the Confederate States of America. After 1865 he was minister in the Presbyterian Church in the United States.
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Term
Henry Ward Beecher (1813 – 1887) |
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Definition
NY congregationalist
The south is not american
Moses
Slavery is evil, Ways to make peace
"The Battle Set in Array"
an American Congregationalistclergyman, social reformer, and speaker, known for his support of the abolition of slavery, his emphasis on God's love, and his 1875 adultery trial. |
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Term
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Definition
God is wonderfully reviving his work here, and throughout the army. Congreagations large – interest almost universal. In our chaplains’ meeting it was thought, with imperfect statisitics, that about five hundred were converted every week.” (Rev. G. R. Talley in Christ in the Camp, p 338)
Jones records instances where Confederate soldiers were baptized in the Rapidan River while Union soldiers on the other side watched (p 342,368,376).
He believes there were at least 50,000 coverts in the ANV |
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Term
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Definition
| Ireland was known for his progressive stance on education, immigration and relations between church and state, as well as his opposition to saloons and political corruption. He promoted the Americanization of Catholicism, especially in the furtherance of progressive social ideals |
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Term
Testem Benevolentiae (1899) |
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Definition
| the name for an encyclical of Pope Leo XIII. The encyclical was addressed to "Our Beloved Son, James Gibbons, Cardinal Priest of the Title Sancta Maria, Beyond the Tiber, Archbishop of Baltimore", and was promulgated on January 22, 1899. It concerned the heresy sometimes called Americanism to ensure that the Church in the United States did not allow the model of civil liberties to undermine the doctrine of the Church |
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Term
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Definition
Rights and Duties of Capital and Labor, is an encyclical issued by Pope Leo XIII on 15 May 1891. It was an open letter, passed to all Catholic bishops, that addressed the condition of the working classes.
Of primary concern was the need for some amelioration of "The misery and wretchedness pressing so unjustly on the majority of the working class."[5] It supported the rights of labor to form unions, rejected socialism and unrestricted capitalism, whilst affirming the right to private property. |
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Term
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Definition
Born in bohemia
educated in prague and vienna
settled in Albany, NY and cinncinnati, OH
Quitissential ""reformer and "Americanizer"
"greatest achievement was the establishment of the three key institutions of Reform Judaism in America. In 1873 he founded, and was elected president of, the Union of American Hebrew Congregations, the organization of Reform Jewish congregations in the United States."
"Our Country's Place in History" |
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Term
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Definition
| a form of Judaism, initiated in Germany by the philosopher Moses Mendelssohn (1729–86), that has reformed or abandoned aspects of Orthodox Jewish worship and ritual in an attempt to adapt to modern changes in social, political, and cultural life. |
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Term
Frances Willard (1839-1898) |
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Definition
Leading female reformer of her day
Temperance
The franchise
Labor conditions
Family
Women’s rights
Second president of the WCTU
Ecumenical, to a degree
an American educator, temperance reformer, and women's suffragist. Her influence was instrumental in the passage of the Eighteenth (Prohibition) and Nineteenth (Women Suffrage) Amendments to the United States Constitution. |
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Term
William Lawrence (1850-1941) |
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Definition
Episcopalian
Leader of a wealthy community
How does he view America?
What are the signs of virtue?
What is the evidence of sin
"The Relationship of Wealth to Morals" |
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Term
| Women’s Christian Temperance Union |
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Definition
| was the first mass organization among women devoted to social reform with a program that "linked the religious and the secular through concerted and far-reaching reform strategies based on applied Christianity." |
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Term
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Definition
| an article written by Andrew Carnegie in 1889[4] that describes the responsibility of philanthropy by the new upper class of self-made rich. Carnegie proposed that the best way of dealing with the new phenomenon of wealth inequality was for the wealthy to redistribute their surplus means in a responsible and thoughtful manner. This approach was contrasted with traditional bequest (patrimony), where wealth is handed down to heirs, and other forms of bequest e.g. where wealth is willed to the state for public purposes. Carnegie argued that surplus wealth is put to best use (i.e. produces the greatest net benefit to society) when it is administered carefully by the wealthy. |
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Term
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Definition
| a Christian intellectual movement that was most prominent in the early 20th century United States and Canada. The movement applied Christian ethics to social problems, especially issues of social justice such as economic inequality, poverty, alcoholism, crime, racial tensions, slums, unclean environment, child labor, inadequate labor unions, poor schools, and the danger of war. Theologically, the Social Gospellers sought to operationalize the Lord's Prayer (Matthew 6:10): "Thy kingdom come, Thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven."[1] They typically were post-millennialist; that is, they believed the Second Coming could not happen until humankind rid itself of social evils by human effort |
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Term
Walter Rauschenbusch (1861-1918) |
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Definition
Baptist pastor
Worked in NYC, Hell’s Kitchen
Extreme urban poverty
Different situation / interpretation.
Morality and wealth?
The system is sinful, don’t blame the “sinner.”
Salvation is social, not individual.
was a key figure in the Social Gospel and'Single Tax' movements that flourished in the United States during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Social Gospel |
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