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| The language, beliefs, values, norms, behaviors, and even material objects that are passed from one generation to the next. |
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| The material objects that distinguish a group of people such as their art, buildings, weapons, uternsils, machines, hairstyles, clothing, and jewelry. |
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| The disorientation that people experience when they come in contact with a fundamentally different culture and can no longer depend on their taken-for-granted assumptions aboput life. |
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| The use of one's own culture as a yardstick for judging the ways of other individuals or societies, generally leading to a negative evaluation of their values, norms and behaviors. |
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| Something to which people attach meanings and then use to communicate with others. |
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| The ways in which people use their bodies to communicate with one another. |
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| System of symbols that can be combined in an infinite numberof ways and can represent. |
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| The standards by which people define what is desirable of undesirable, good or bad, beautiful or ugly. |
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| The expectations, or rules of behavior, that develop to reflect and enforce values. |
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| Expressions of approval or disapproval given to tpeople for upholding or violating norms |
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| A reward or positive reaction for following norms, ranging from a smile to a prize |
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| Norms that are not strictly prohibited |
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| Norms that are strictly enforced because they are thought essential to core values or the well-being of the group |
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| A norm so strong that it often brings revulsion if violated |
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| A society made up of many different groups |
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| Ogburn's term for human behavior lagging behind technological innovations. |
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| People or groups that affect our self-concept, attitudes, behaviors, or other orientations toward life. |
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| A term coined by Harold Garfinkel to describe an attempt to remake the self by stripping away an individual's self-identity and stamping a new identity in its place. |
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| The behaviors and attitudes considered appropriate because one is a female or a male |
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| The unintended beneficial consequences of people's actions. |
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| The intended beneficial consequences of people's actions. |
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| The process of learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors. |
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| An individual who significantly influences someone else's life. |
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| A social condition in which privilages and obligations are given to some but denied to others. |
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| The process by which people learn the characteristics of their group - the knowledge skils, attitudes, values, and actions thought appropriate for them. |
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| Positions that are earned, accomplished, or involved at least some effort or activity on the individual's part |
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| Positions an individual either inherits at birth or receives involuntarily later in life. |
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| A type of society in which life is intimate; a community in which everyone knows everyone else and people share a sense of togetherness |
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| A type of society dominated by impersonal relationships, inividual accomplishments, and self-interest. |
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| The behaviors, obligations, and privilesges attached to a status. |
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| Status Inconsistency (Or Discrepancy) |
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| A contradiction, or mismatch, between statuses. |
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| The position that someone occupies in society or a social group. |
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| Voluntarily Membership (or association) |
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| Groups that people choose to join |
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| A statement of how variables are expected to be related to one another, often according to a prediction from a theory. |
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| The extent to which an operational definition measures what it was intended to measure. |
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| The extent to which reasearcher produces consistent or dependable results. |
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| The target group to be studied. |
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| Direct Questioning of respondents |
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| A feeling of trust between reasearchers and subjects. |
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| The group of subjects not exposed to the independent variable. |
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| A cluster of people within a larger group who choose to interact with one another; an internet faction. |
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| The smallest possible group, consisting of two persons. |
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| An individual who leads by being highly permissive |
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| A group characterized by intimate, long term face to face association and cooperation. |
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| A larger, relatively temporary, more anonymous formal, and impersonal group based on interest group based on some interest or activity, on the basis of specific roles. |
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| People who share a culture and territory |
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| Marx's term for workers' lack of connection with the product of their labor; caused by thier being assigned repetitive tasks on a small part of a product; this leads to a sense of powerlessness and normlessness; also used in the general sense of not feeling a part of something |
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| A formal organization with hierarchy of authority, a clear division of labor; emphasis on written rules, communications, and records; and impersonality of positions. |
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| The orientations that characterize corporate work settings. |
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| The violence of rules and norms |
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| The violation of norms written into law |
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| An expression of disapproval for breaking a norm, ranging from a mild, informal reaction such as a frown to a formal reaction such as prison sentence or an execution. |
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| A reward or positive reaction for following norms, ranging from a smile to a prize. |
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| The proportion of released convicts who are rearrested |
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| crimes to which more severe penalties are attached because they are motivated by hatred (dislike, animosity) of someone's race- ethnicity, reigion, sexual orientation, disability, or national origin. |
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