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Details Title: Midterm 1 Description: Key Terms Total Flash Cards: 57 Created: 06/21/2005 16:07:09	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term Culture Definition The language, beliefs, values, norms, behaviors, and even material objects that are passed from one generation to the next. Term Material Culture Definition The material objects that distinguish a group of people such as their art, buildings, weapons, uternsils, machines, hairstyles, clothing, and jewelry. Term Culture Shock Definition The disorientation that people experience when they come in contact with a fundamentally different culture and can no longer depend on their taken-for-granted assumptions aboput life. Term Ethnocentrism Definition The use of one's own culture as a yardstick for judging the ways of other individuals or societies, generally leading to a negative evaluation of their values, norms and behaviors. Term Symbol Definition Something to which people attach meanings and then use to communicate with others. Term Gestures Definition The ways in which people use their bodies to communicate with one another. Term Language Definition System of symbols that can be combined in an infinite numberof ways and can represent. Term Values Definition The standards by which people define what is desirable of undesirable, good or bad, beautiful or ugly. Term Norms Definition The expectations, or rules of behavior, that develop to reflect and enforce values. Term Sanction Definition Expressions of approval or disapproval given to tpeople for upholding or violating norms Term Positive Sanction Definition A reward or positive reaction for following norms, ranging from a smile to a prize Term Folkways Definition Norms that are not strictly prohibited Term Mores Definition Norms that are strictly enforced because they are thought essential to core values or the well-being of the group Term Taboo Definition A norm so strong that it often brings revulsion if violated Term Pluralistic Society Definition A society made up of many different groups Term Cultural Lag Definition Ogburn's term for human behavior lagging behind technological innovations. Term Agents of Socialization Definition People or groups that affect our self-concept, attitudes, behaviors, or other orientations toward life. Term Degradation Ceremony Definition A term coined by Harold Garfinkel to describe an attempt to remake the self by stripping away an individual's self-identity and stamping a new identity in its place. Term Gender Role Definition The behaviors and attitudes considered appropriate because one is a female or a male Term Latent Functions Definition The unintended beneficial consequences of people's actions. Term Manifest Functions Definition The intended beneficial consequences of people's actions. Term Resocialization Definition The process of learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors. Term Significant Other Definition An individual who significantly influences someone else's life. Term Social Inequality Definition A social condition in which privilages and obligations are given to some but denied to others. Term Socialization Definition The process by which people learn the characteristics of their group - the knowledge skils, attitudes, values, and actions thought appropriate for them. Term Achieved Status Definition Positions that are earned, accomplished, or involved at least some effort or activity on the individual's part Term Ascribed Status Definition Positions an individual either inherits at birth or receives involuntarily later in life. Term Gemeinschaft Definition A type of society in which life is intimate; a community in which everyone knows everyone else and people share a sense of togetherness Term Gesellschaft Definition A type of society dominated by impersonal relationships, inividual accomplishments, and self-interest. Term Roles Definition The behaviors, obligations, and privilesges attached to a status. Term Status Inconsistency (Or Discrepancy) Definition A contradiction, or mismatch, between statuses. Term Status Definition The position that someone occupies in society or a social group. Term Voluntarily Membership (or association) Definition Groups that people choose to join Term Hypothesis Definition A statement of how variables are expected to be related to one another, often according to a prediction from a theory. Term Validity Definition The extent to which an operational definition measures what it was intended to measure. Term Reliability Definition The extent to which reasearcher produces consistent or dependable results. Term Population Definition The target group to be studied. Term Interview Definition Direct Questioning of respondents Term Rapport Definition A feeling of trust between reasearchers and subjects. Term Control Group Definition The group of subjects not exposed to the independent variable. Term Clique Definition A cluster of people within a larger group who choose to interact with one another; an internet faction. Term Dyad Definition The smallest possible group, consisting of two persons. Term Laissez Fair Leader Definition An individual who leads by being highly permissive Term Primary Groups Definition A group characterized by intimate, long term face to face association and cooperation. Term Secondary Group Definition A larger, relatively temporary, more anonymous formal, and impersonal group based on interest group based on some interest or activity, on the basis of specific roles. Term Society Definition People who share a culture and territory Term Triad Definition A group of three people Term Alienation Definition Marx's term for workers' lack of connection with the product of their labor; caused by thier being assigned repetitive tasks on a small part of a product; this leads to a sense of powerlessness and normlessness; also used in the general sense of not feeling a part of something Term Bureaucracy Definition A formal organization with hierarchy of authority, a clear division of labor; emphasis on written rules, communications, and records; and impersonality of positions. Term Corporate Culture Definition The orientations that characterize corporate work settings. Term Deviance Definition The violence of rules and norms Term Crime Definition The violation of norms written into law Term Negative Sanction Definition An expression of disapproval for breaking a norm, ranging from a mild, informal reaction such as a frown to a formal reaction such as prison sentence or an execution. Term Positive Saction Definition A reward or positive reaction for following norms, ranging from a smile to a prize. Term Recidivism Rate Definition The proportion of released convicts who are rearrested Term Capital Punishment Definition The death penalty Term Hate Crime Definition crimes to which more severe penalties are attached because they are motivated by hatred (dislike, animosity) of someone's race- ethnicity, reigion, sexual orientation, disability, or national origin.