Term
|
Definition
-8th century
-byzantine movement
-started by Leo III
-prohibited icons as it was seen as idoltary
-led to the separation of roman catholicism and greek orthodoxy in the 11th century |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ruled the Frankish kingdom from 768 to 814.
Led numerous military campaigns and overtook many other countries.At its height, Charlemagne's empire covered most of Europe. Known as Carolingian dynasty. Charlemagne was most powerful Christian ruler, even crowned Roman emperor by pope. Unified Roman Catholic church with France as he was French. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Religious conflicts beginning in the late 11th century. Wanted to restore Christian access to holy places in and near Jerusalem. Pope Urban II launched the crusades as an effort to recapture the Holy Land from "enemies of God" 8 crusades. 200 years. Initiated widespread attacks on Jews. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Outbreak of plague in the 14th century that killed 25 to 50 percent of Europe's population. Began on the coasts of Italy and Constantinople in 1347. Jews were persecuted as it was believed it was their fault. Peasants forced to pay more to compensate for noble landlords decreasing incomes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Amount paid by a wrongdoer to the family of the person who they injured or killed. Means money for man, varied according to social status. Put a monetary price on body parts in order to deter blood feuds. Established order. Early Germanic times = put into place |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Violent Massacre of jews, occurred during Crusades. Led by Christians. Occurred in the 11th century, 1st Christian pogroms. Result of black plague as well, led to fleeing of Jews. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Led crusading forces in middle east. 3rd crusade. Ruled England from 1189 to 1199. Negotiated settlement that allowed Christian pilgrims free access to Jerusalem. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| During the 14th century, parliament increased in prominence and developed its basic structure and function during Edward's reign. Edward III relied on parliament to levy new taxes. Parliament became an important component of English governmental system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Declared 1st crusade. Trusted Knights to makeup first crusading armies. Led Catholic church from 1088 to his death in 1099. From France |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One of the traditional orders of European society based on heredity and quality rather than wealth or economic standing, first established in middle ages. Third estate consisted of all who were not members of clergy or nobility. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Movement of 14th of 15th century in Europe that the final authority in spiritual matters resided with a general church council representing members of the church, not the pope. It emerged as a response to the Avignon papacy and the dissatisfaction with it. Consisted of cardinals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Part of Germanic society. Warriors swore an oath of loyalty to their leader. In exchange for fighting for their lord, the lord took care of the vassals needs. Started in 8th century. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| More concerned with material, worldly, and temporal things and less concerned with religious things, characteristic of Italian Renaissance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Where papacy was located for over 70 years during the 14th century. Clement the 5th took up residence there. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Signed by King John of England in 1215. Series of written promises between the king and his subjects. Magna Carta was an attempt by barons to stop kings from abusing their power. King John introduced high taxes without asking first, this violated feudal law. He banned churches from England. Magna Carta brought forth a set of rules limiting the king as well as it promised fairness in law. Barons enforced it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In Roman Catholic church, the pope deprives a person of receiving the sacraments of church. Because the church was the main establishment of the era, being excommunicated from the church meant being excommunicated from the community. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Traditional tripartite division of European society based on heredity and quality rather than wealth or economic standing. Established during the middle ages. 1st = those who pray (clergy) 2nd = those who fight (nobility) 3rd = those who work (all the rest) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In christian theology, remission of part or all of time in purgatory from sin. Indulgences were granted for charitable contributions or other good deeds. It was basically buying yourself a path to heaven. In the high middle ages, 15th and 16th centuries, indulgences became an important part of the church, and was very controversial as the church became very rich. The controversy eventually led to the protestant reformation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Landed estate or some other type of income granted to a vassal in exchange for military service. found throughout Europe. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Law common to entire kingdom of England. Imposed by king's courts beginning in the 12th century to replace customary law. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Experience of oneness with God. 14th century. Characterized teaching of Meister Eckhart who sparked the mystical movement of Western Germany. The idea was that lives should be led like Jesus and dedicated to serving the needs of fellow human beings. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In Spain, reconquest of Muslim lands by Christian rulers and their armies. Important to Christian rulers. Began in the 11th century, Muslim power was weakened and the Christian conquest began, lasting into the 15th century. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Defined by Catholic church as place where souls go after death to be purged or punished for sins committed during life on Earth. Importance rose in the 14th century as indulgences grew as a result. It was believed that indulgences could shorten time spent in purgatory. Purgatory was more important as a result of the black plague & the obsession with death and afterlife that came from it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Started in 9th century, writing rooms for copying of manuscripts in monasteries by Monks. Works of early Christianity, like the bible and work of church authors, as well as classical latin authors. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An agricultural estate operated by a lord and worked by peasants who performed labor services and paid various rents and fees to lord in exchange for protection and sustenance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Governments of France, England, and Spain at the end of the 15th century, whose rulers succeeded in reestablishing centralized royal authority, suppressing the nobility, controlling the church, and insisting on the loyalty of all peoples living in their territory. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Doctrine that the bishop of Rome and the successor of Saint Peter should hold a preeminent position in the church. |
|
|
