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Economic arrangement resting on a set of rights and obligations between a lord and his serfs
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A political system in which nobles are granted use of lands that legally belong to the king in exchange for loyalty, military service, and protection of people living on the land
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A government in which power is in the hands of a single person
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Concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters
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A person who received a grant of land from a lord in exchange for a pledge of loyalty and services
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A person who controlled land and could therefore grant estates to vassals
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An estate granted to a vassal by a lord under the feudal system in medieval Europe
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A medieval peasant legally bound to live on a lord's estate
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A code of behavior for knights, stressing ideals such as courage, loyalty, and devotion
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A unified body of law formed from rulings of England's royal judges that serves as the basis for law in many English-speaking countries
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The appointment of religious officials by kings or nobles
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In medieval Europe, an armored warrior who fought on horseback
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A lord's estate in feudal Europe
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a body of officials that perform religious services--such as priests, ministers, or rabbis
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One of the Christian ceremonies in which God's grace is transmitted to people
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Taking away a person's right of membership in the Christian church
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The selling or buying of a position in the Christian church
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One of the expeditions in which medieval Christian warriors sought to recover control of the Holy Land from Muslims
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A medieval association of people working in the same occupation, which controlled its members' wages and prices
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A medieval merchant-class town dweller
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The veryday language of people in a region or country
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The body of laws governing the religious practices of a Christian church
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A body of representatives that makes laws for a nation
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A division in the medieval Roman Catholic Church, during which popes were established in Avignon and Rome
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A division in the medieval Roman Catholic Church, during which popes were established in Avignon and Rome
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A division in the medieval Roman Catholic Church, during which popes were established in Avignon and Rome
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