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| focus on worldly desires instead of religion |
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| during the Early Middle Ages was the center of the life. The church took on many roles of the government. In the later Middle Ages the church had become corrupt and had lost favor with the people. |
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| Considered the bright spot of the Early Middle Ages. Created a very powerful empire and strong central government with many artistic and cultural achievements before collapsing. |
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| Political and Social system of the Early Middle Ages that was based upon oaths of loyalty between kings, nobles and other vassals. |
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| The economic system of the Middle Ages where people moved to defensable isolated manors that promoted self-sufficiency. There was very little trade or cultural diffusion during this time. |
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| anyone who recieved land from a person - usually nobles were referred to as vassals |
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| self-sufficienct isolated communities that were designed to defend its inhabitants. |
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| a church tax that took 10% of the annual income from christians. |
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| church laws - the church even tried and punished people who broke canon law. |
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| ceremonies where kings and nobles appointed bishops in their kingdom |
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| church officials payed for their positions |
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| series of holy wars started by the European Christians who wanted regain "the holy land" from the muslims. The crusades failed to achieve their military objective but did create change in Europe most notably increasing change and being a force to get Europe out of the Early Middle Ages and move towards the Late Middle Ages. |
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Association of members from the same proffesion who looked after one another.
There were two types - craft and merchant
set standards for workmanship, wages, and working conditions
gave loans to members and looked after members families |
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| transition from a manor and barter based economy to an economy based on cash, banking, trading and the production of products. |
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| The law of the land is based upon past court decisions. For example, if the courts decide that dress codes in schools are legal the becomes common law for all |
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| English document that limited the power of the king. First document of its kind that protected citizens property and rights against a king |
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| Results of collapse of the roman empire |
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Decrease of trade
Collapse of central government and introduction of the manors
Development of feudalism |
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| What role did the church play during the dark ages? |
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The church took on many of the roles of a central government
Looked after sick and poor
Provided education
gave the people a sense of nationalism
Had canon laws |
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| How did the church change during the middle ages? |
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As the church became more powerful it became more corrupt.
Clergy became more concerned with money than saving soles
Simony and lay investiture
Church used less and less money to help people and more money to build expensive cathedrals
Clergy had families
People had less respect for church |
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| What were the short term and long term effects of the crusades? |
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Short term
Weakened faith in the church
Increased trade and cultural diffusion
Increased power of kings
Long term
Increased tension between muslims and christians |
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| Why were the crusades started? |
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| Pope Urban II called to Christians to get the go to Jerusalem to get the holy land back |
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| What happened during the commercial revolution? |
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| Increased trade, banking, formation of currency, formation of guilds, formation of middle class |
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| How did England develop as a nation? |
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| William the conqueror began to unify England by forcing all nobles to pledge their loyalty to the king first, splitting up nobles land, creating the doomsdau book, circuit judges. |
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| What is Gothic architecture? |
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| During the late middle ages the catholic church began building huge cathedrals that reached upwards towards the sky, stain glass windows and other forms of carvings and art in their new olaces of worship. The new style was possible because of new techniques like flying buttresses |
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