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| Characteristics of Bureaucracy |
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1)High degree of division of labor and specialization 2)Hierarchy of authority 3)Rules and Regulation 4)Impersonal relationships 5)Career ladders 6)Efficiency |
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| Type of formal organization characterized by an authority hierarchy, a clear division of labor. |
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Shock test (Was told person was being shocked for every wrong answer; authority was why they continued) |
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Group of listeners or spectators. |
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Line experiment (agree with the wrong answer because the rest of the group gave the wrong answer) |
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| The tendency for group members to reach a consensus opinion, even if that decision is downright stupid. |
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| the tendency for group members, after discussion and interaction, to engage in riskier behavior than they would while alone. |
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| People join these groups to pursue goals that they consider worthwhile. |
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Memberships that are normally involuntary (ex. Jail, mental hospitals) |
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Analyzed the classical characteristics of the bureaucracy. He called it the ideal type bureaucracy. |
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| Rigid adherence to rules can produce a slavish following of them, regardless of whether it accomplishes the purpose for which the rule was originally designed. The rules become ends in themselves rather than to an end. |
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| The stresses on rules and procedures within bureauracies can result in a decrease in the overall cohesion of the organization. This often psychologically separates a person from the organization and its goals. Results in inccreased turnover, tardiness, absentieeism, and overall dissatisfaction with the organization. |
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| the process by which the principles of the fast-food restaurant are coming to dominate more and more sectors of American society as well as of the rest of the world. |
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| McDonaldizations (4 Dimensions) |
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Definition
1) Efficiency 2) Calculability 3) Predictability 4) Control |
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Group consisting of intimate, face-to-face interaction and relatively long-lasting relationships. (ex. Best friend since kindergarden, child, brother or sister, husband, wife, mother, father) |
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Larger in membership, less intimate, and less long-lasting as primary groups. Tend to be less significant in the emotional lives of people. (ex. College students, Neighbors) |
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Two or more individuals who interact, share goals and norms, and have a subjective awareness as "we." |
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| ex) teenagers, truck drivers, doctors |
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Intimacy, companionship, and emotional support. |
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Emotionally neutral, task-oriented needs |
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Groups of which you may or may not belong but use as a standard for evaluating your values, attitudes, and behaviors. ex.) Sports stars, musicians, military officers, business executives. |
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| The principle that we all make inferences about the personalities of others such as concluding what the other is "really like." |
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| Errors made in attributing causes for people's behavior to their membership in a particular group, such as a racial group. |
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The ordered social relationships that grow out of values, norms, statuses, and roles, that organize those activites that fulfill society's fundamental needs. ex.) Family, Religion, Law, Politics, Ecomonics, Education, Science, Medicine, Military, Mass Media |
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| Expectations of how people are supposed to think, act, or feel in specific situations. |
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| Practice of men or women having multiples marriage partners. |
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| Man having more than one wife |
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| Woman having more than one husband |
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| Practice of a sexually exclusive marriage with one spouse at a time. |
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| Individuals, over a lifetime, have more than one marriage, but only one spouse at a time. |
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| Practice of selecting mates from outside one's group. |
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| The practice of selecting a mate from inside one's group. |
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| Shape the distribution of property in society by determining descent. |
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| Systems trace descent through the father. |
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| traces descent through both. |
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The whole network of parents, children, and other relatives who form a family unit. |
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| A married couple resides together with their children. |
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| Divorce (effects on children) |
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Definition
Couples are staying married unhappy just for the sake of the children. When parents divorce children may feel sadness, fear, loss, and anger. They believe reconciliation and feelings of conflicting loyalties. |
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| institutionalized system of symbols, beliefs, values, and practices by which a group of people interprets and responds to what they feel is sacred and that provides answers to questions of ultimate meaning. |
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1) Religion is insititutionalized 2) Religion is a feature of groups 3) Religions are based on beliefs that are considered sacred. 4) Religion established values and moral proscriptions for behavior. 5) Religion establishes norms for behavior 6) Religion provides answers to questions of ultimate meaning. |
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| The worship of of more than one deity. |
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| Symbolic activities that express a group's spirtual convictions. |
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encourages passivity and acceptance |
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| Refers to actions and beliefs that are driven by high levels of religious intolerance. |
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| Groups that have broken off from an established church. |
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| Religious groups devoted to a specific cause or charismatic leader. |
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| that which is of the everyday secular world and is specifically not religious. |
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| That which is set apart from ordinary activity for worship, seen as holy, and protected by special rites and rituals. |
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| the ordinary beliefs of daily life that are specifically not religious. |
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