Term
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Definition
Botanical
Hair (human & animal)
Mineral (asbestos) |
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Term
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Definition
Regenerated (rayon)
Synthetic (nylon)- molecular properties similar to tetragonal crystal structures |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Typically dicots
Flax
Hemp
Jute
Ramie |
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Term
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Definition
Typical monocots
Manila
Sisal |
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Term
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Definition
| Outer layer providing protection from environment |
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Term
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Definition
| Thin layer of living reproductive tissue separating the bark from the wood |
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Term
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Definition
| When cells cease to function, provides structural support of tree |
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Term
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Definition
In cell wall of the heartwood
Gives it a distinct color |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| Form due to environmental conditions |
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Term
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Definition
Parenchyma- perform metabolic functions, only truly living cells and contain protoplasm
Vessel elements, tracheids, and fibers- provide mechanical support, function as conduit
Rays- run horizontal to axis of the trunk |
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Term
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Definition
Tracheids- main composition
Resin canals and horizontal resin canals- exude pitch which aids in sealing off wounds
Epithelial cells (thin walled parenchyma) surround resin canals
Ray- referred to as seration
Fusiform- rays that contain a horizontal resin canal
Pits- avenues for fluid passage between cells
Simple pits- found in ray parenchyma
Bordered pits- found in tracheids |
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Term
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Definition
Vessel elements- largest cells, primary tubular structure which conducts sap longitudinally
Pitting- fluid passage between vessel elements and other cells
Ray cells further identified by number aligned together |
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Term
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Definition
| Color, texture, other physical features |
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Term
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Definition
| Clear of internal air pockets by boiling in water followed by mounting in 50% glycerol |
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Term
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Definition
Boil in a 1 to 1 solution of acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide followed by a water wash
Sample is shakened
Fibers can then be stained |
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Term
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Definition
Put fiber in small crucible into muffle furnace set at 900C for 1 hr
Mount remaining, cooled ash on slide and view for cyrstals |
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Term
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Definition
Distinguishes between various paper pulping procedure
Fiber mechanically pulped- yellow
Paper containing cotton- red
Sulfate pulping- blue
Sulfite pulping- colorless/faint purple |
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Term
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Definition
Differentiation between S twist and Z twist such as flax and hemp
Crossed polars and accessory
Z twist subtractive- yellow (hemp, jute, sisal)
S twist additive- blue (flax, ramie) |
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Term
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Definition
| Study of pollen, spores, and microfossils |
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Term
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Definition
| Pollen dispersed into the atmosphere and settles back out |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Insect and animal pollination
Large amts of pollen produced but not dispersed into the air |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Water pollination
Pollen produced and released underwater |
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Term
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Definition
| Artificial fossilization of pollen using acetic anhydride and sulfuric acid |
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Term
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Definition
| Study of the pollen content of honey |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Less than 1/3 the width of the hair
Can appear fragmentary, discontinuous, or continuous |
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Term
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Definition
Greater than 1/3 the width
Can have 1 of 5 different configurations |
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Term
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Definition
Active growth stage
If forcibly removed, follicular tag will still be attached
80-90% in this stage |
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Term
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Definition
Intermediate stage
Hair no longer actively growing nor attached to follicle
Bulb reduces in size
2% in this stage |
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Term
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Definition
Dormant or resting stage
Germ cells are preparing for next anagen hair
Dermal papilla is a ball of cells beneath the bulb
10-18% in this stage |
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Term
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Definition
Medulla is amorphous, less than 1/3 width of shaft
Color distributed throughout cortex |
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Term
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Definition
Oval cross section
Fine to medium courseness
Evenly distributed pigment granules |
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Term
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Definition
Oblate cross section
Curly/wavy/coiled
Largest pigment granules grouped in clumps |
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Term
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Definition
Round cross section
Course, straight hair
Larger pigment granules grouped in patches |
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Term
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Definition
Vibrissa- tactile and sensitive whiskers
Bristle- Guard hair
Wool- Wool and fur |
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Term
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Definition
Medulla greater than 1/3 width of shaft, exhibit one of several different medulla patterns
Pigmentation concentration around medulla
Cuticle exhibits one of 6 scale patterns
Shielding- tip is flattened out resembling an oar
Banding- color can vary throughout the length of the hair (banding) |
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Term
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Definition
| Scale patterns easily viewed on undyed or non-pigmented hairs, otherwise a scale cast must be made to view the pattern |
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