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Microeconomics Chapter 4 & 5
Vocabulary Terms
22
Economics
Undergraduate 1
09/03/2011

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Term
Law of demand
Definition
When price goes up; quantity demand decreases
Term
Demand curve
Definition
A graphical depiction of a demand schedule
Term
Shift in demand curve
Definition
Occurs when any relevant variable other than price changes
Term
Demand schedule
Definition
A table showing how the quantity demanded of some product during a specified period of time changes as the price of that product changes
Term
Quantity demanded
Definition
The number of units of a good that consumers are willing and can afford to buy over a specified period of time
Term
Law of supply
Definition
When price goes up; quantity supplied increases
Term
Supply curve
Definition
A graphical depiction of a supply schedule
Term
Shift in supply curve
Definition
Occurs when any relevant variable other than price changes
Term
Supply schedule
Definition
A table showing how the quantity supplied of some product changes as the price of that product changes
Term
Quantity supplied
Definition
The number of units that sellers want to sell over a specified period of time
Term
Shortage
Definition
An excess of quantity demanded over quantity supplied
Term
Surplus
Definition
An excess of quantity supplied over quantity demanded
Term
Equilibrium
Definition
A situation in which there are no inherent forces that produce change.
Term
Price floor
Definition
A legal minimum below which the price charged for a commodity is not permitted to fall
Term
Price ceiling
Definition
A maximum that the price charged for a commodity cannot legally exceed
Term
Total Utility
Definition
The maximum amount of money that a consumer is willing to give up in exchange for a good
Term
Marginal Utility
Definition
The maximum amount of money that a consumer is willing to pay for one more unit of a specific good
Term
Marginal Analysis
Definition
The decision making process comparing perceived costs and benefits of available alternatives
Term
“Law” of Diminishing Marginal Utility
Definition
States that additional units of a product are worth less and less to a consumer in money terms
Term
Inferior good
Definition
A product whose quantity demanded falls when the purchaser’s real income rises
Term
Factors Affecting Demand
Definition
  1. Income
  2. Tastes/Preferences
  3. Prices of other products
    1. Substitute
    2. Complements
  4. Number of other buyers
  5. Expectation
Term
Factors Affecting Supply
Definition
  1. Income
  2. Technology
  3. Prices of other goods
    1. Alternatives
    2. Complements
  4. Number of other sellers
  5. Expectations
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