Term
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Definition
| 1/2 O2 + 2H+ + 2e- yield H2O |
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Term
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Definition
| Agglutination refers to the clumping of red blood cells that occurs when different blood types are mixed together. It involves a chemical reaction between antigens on the surface of red blood cells & protein antibodies in the plasma, or liquid, part of the blood. |
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Term
| Anaerobic respiration (Carbonate) |
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Definition
| CO3(2-) +10H+ +10e- yield CH4 + 3H2O |
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Term
| Anaerobic respiration (Nitrate) |
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Definition
NO3(-) + 2H+ + 2e- yield NO2- + H2O
more:
Nitrate yield Nitrite yield Nitrous Oxide yield N2 |
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Term
| Anaerobic respiration (sulfate) |
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Definition
| SO4(2-) + 10H+ + 10e- yield H2S + 4H2O |
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Term
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Definition
| The presence of normal microbiota is sufficient quantity to prevent pathogens from growing. Limits on nutrients and space, growth inhibitors. |
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Term
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Definition
| A substance produced by a microorganism that inhibits other microorganisms |
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Term
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Definition
| Gamma globulin proteins (also known as immunoglobulins, abbreviated Ig) that are found in blood or other bodily fluids of vertebrates, and are used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects, such as bacteria and viruses. |
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Term
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Definition
| Controls growth of microbes |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemicals used internally, natural or synthetic, to kill or inhibit microbes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical agent used on living tissue to reduce the level (#) of microbes. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Virus that attacks bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| Causes temporary inhibition of growth in microbes |
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Term
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Definition
| Media used to grow human throat culture. |
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Term
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Definition
| Plating technique used to determine Hemolysis (lysing of red blood cells). |
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Term
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Definition
| Take sample of colony, add H2O2. Bubbling is O2, indicates C +, presence of enzyme catalase. Usually used to differentiate staphylococci (Catalase positive) from streptococci (Catalase negative). |
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Term
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Definition
| Cilia that move bacteria up the tract, and into the throat. Helps maintain sterile environment in Lower tract. |
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Term
| DRT Decimal Reduction Time |
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Definition
| Time it takes to kill 90% of test microbial population |
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Term
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Definition
| Media that distinguish among different groups of microbes and even permit tentative identification of microorganisms based on their biological characteristics. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical agent used on inanimate objects to reduce the level (#) of microbes on their surface |
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Term
| Disk Diffusion (technique) |
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Definition
| Plate microbial uniformly, then "inoculate" with impregnated disks. Measure inhibition zones |
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Term
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Definition
| Media that enhance growth of a desired bacteria. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
System used to identify microbes with a quick inoculation. 15 tests.
Oxidase Negative, Gram negative Enterobacteriaceae |
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Term
| Factors in selecting antimicrobial agent (2+5) |
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Definition
| bacteria, environment, pH, solubility, toxicity, organic material, cost |
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Term
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Definition
| 4 agents, results. Gram Positive are neg charged, stain purple or bluish; Gram Negative are pos charged, stain red or pink. |
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Term
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Definition
| The breakdown of red blood cells. The ability of bacterial colonies to induce hemolysis when grown on blood agar is used to classify certain microorganisms, particularly streptococcal species. |
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Term
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Definition
Standard method, to separate enterics, and determine water contamination.
Indole production from tryptophan
Methyl Red production of acid from glucose
V-P (Voges-Proskauer; production of acetoin from glucose)
Citrate (sole Carbon source) |
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Term
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Definition
| larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, alveoli |
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Term
| MIC - Minimum Inhibitory Concentration |
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Definition
| Determined by testing for growth of microbes in dilutions of the antibiotic in nutrient broth |
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Term
| Microtiter Agglutination (technique) |
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Definition
| Serum reduction with bacteria (in wells) to determine when sufficient antibodies are present. |
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Term
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Definition
| Microorganisms generally present in or on the body, and do not normally produce disease. |
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Term
| Normal microbiota (throat) |
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Definition
| Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Neisseria, Haemophilus. |
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Term
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Definition
| System to test Oxidase-positive, Gram negative rods |
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Term
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Definition
| Test to determine presence of cytochrome c. in aerobic bacteria. (another isolation test) |
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Term
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Definition
| Removal of electrons, oxidizing substrates, that produces energy. (Glucose oxidized to pyruvic acid) |
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Term
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Definition
| Oil secretion, protects the skin. |
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Term
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Definition
| Media that contain chemicals to prevent growth of unwanted bacteria. (We select what we want to see). |
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Term
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Definition
Gram positive
Catalase negative
hemolytic reactions (alpha, beta, gamma) |
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Term
| Streptococci alpha hemolysis |
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Definition
Greenish color; partial destruction (due to H2O2). Usually normal microbiota.
Use optochin sensitivity and bile-solubility (colonies disappear), to id S. Pnuemoniae. |
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Term
| Streptococci beta hemolysis |
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Definition
| Complete clearing - pathogenic. (S. pyogenes) |
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Term
| Streptococci gamma hemolysis |
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Definition
| No hemolysis (ahemolytis), no change in colony. Usually normal microbiota. |
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Term
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Definition
| A titer (or titre) is a way of expressing concentration, using serial dilution. The titer corresponds to the highest dilution factor that still yields a positive reading. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Prepare metal rings, dip in disinfectant at recommended conc., 10 min @ 20C, then incubate. |
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Term
| Use-Dilution Test (modified) |
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Definition
| prepare a plate by dividing it, and culturing "disinfected" microbe by time; 0, .5, 2.5 etc based on instructions |
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Term
| What inhibits bacteria growth on the skin? |
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Definition
| dryness, sebum, salts, pH, temperature |
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Term
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Definition
| The area of bacterial growth around an effective antimicrobial, which can be measured |
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