Term
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Definition
* small molecules not antigenic by themselves
* but become so when they bond to a large "carrier" molecule
* e.g. penicillin
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Term
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Definition
* large, Complex
* proteins/ carbohydrates
* may have numerous antigenic determinants sites, or epitopes (where the antigen binds to a specific antibody or T cell receptor)
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Term
| two branches of specific (adaptive) immunity |
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Definition
humoral response
cell mediated
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Term
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Definition
* mediated by soluble factors
* antibodies that tag or neutralize foreign matter circulate in body fluids and on B lymphocyte plasma membrane
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Term
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Definition
* T cells directly attack
* it distinguishes between self, vital
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Term
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Definition
* bacterial proteins which trigger a extraordinary response
* stimulate T cell proliferation, massive cytokine release
* often fatal consequences |
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Term
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Antibody structure – immunoglobulin (Ig)
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Definition
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* specific for single epitope, binds only to it
* present in blood, tissue fluids (lymph) and on mucosal surfaces
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Term
Describe structure of antibody
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Definition
5 classes- same basic structure
* two heavy and two light chains
* constant regions and variable regions
* disulfide linkages
* Fab and Fc regions
* Fab- antigen binding
* Fc- "clearance" |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Variations in heavy chains in the classes IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM |
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Term
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Definition
| are the genetically controlled, allelic forms of immunoglobulin molecules that are not present in all individuals. Arrise by genetic recombination |
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Term
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Definition
Variations in antigen binding site
determines antigen specificity |
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Term
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Definition
* major immunoglobulin in serum 80%
* Opsonin- tags foreign matter to be engulled by phagocytic cells (neutrophils or macrophages)
* antitoxin- an antibody capable of neutralizing a toxin
* crosses the placenta
* activates complement
four subclasses: IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4 |
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Term
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Definition
* first antibody produced during B cell maturation, membrane bound on B cell
* pentameric molecule, held by J chain
agglutinates bacteria
* activates complement
* enhances phagocytosis |
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Term
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Definition
* most abundant in mucous secretions (lymph, saliva, tears, breast milk)
* dimer, held by J chain (monomer in serum, secret as dimer sIgA) secretory component
* prevent pathogen adherence to mucosal surfaces and invasion of host cells |
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