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Definition
| Microbiologists use the _____ to isolate pure cultures of bacteria |
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Definition
| A bacterium that can respire with oxygen when it is available, but can use fermentation if oxygen is absent |
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Definition
| Organisms that obtain their carbon and energy from existing organic compounds |
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Definition
| Oranges have a pH of 5. A scientist isolates several types of bacteria that cause spoilage of orange juice concentrates. Which growth condition would be most appropriate to maintain these bacteria in culture? |
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Definition
Method to measure the concentration of viable cells by determining the number of colonies that arise from a sample added to an agar plate
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Term
many organisms can degrade gelatin gelatin may not remain solid at temperatures required for microbial growth gelatin is not stable during sterilization procedures gelatin liquefies at warm temperatures. |
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Definition
| The problem with using gelatin as a solidifying agent for microbiological media is that... |
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Definition
| A microorganism isolated from the Antarctic would most likely be... |
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| Catalase and superoxide dismutase |
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Definition
| Enzyme(s) that help organisms withstand the toxic byproducts associated with diatomic oxygen is... |
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Definition
| A growth medium that can discriminate between two different bacterial taxa based on an observed change in the medium is... |
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Definition
Stage of growth in which cells divide at a constant rate Generation time is measured during this time of active multiplication |
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Term
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Definition
| The growth phase in which cells are adapting to new growth conditions is termed... |
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| Distinguish one group of organisms from others |
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Definition
| Differential media is used to... |
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Definition
| Maintains a bacterial culture in continuous exponential growth |
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Definition
| An organism that has an advantage in water as the water evaporates... |
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Definition
| The Most Probable Number (MPN) method of determining cell numbers is based on... |
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Definition
| During which phase of culture growth are the number of newly formed cells approximately equal to the number of dying cells? |
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Definition
| Polysaccharide-encased community of microorganisms |
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Term
| Chemically Defined Medium |
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Definition
Bacterial growth medium composed of precise mixtures of known pure chemicals Generally used for specific experiments when nutrients must be precisely controlled |
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Definition
| Bacteriological medium that contains protein digests, extracts, or other ingredients that vary in their chemical composition |
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Definition
Bacteriological medium that contains an ingredient that can be changed by certain bacteria in a recognizable way Used to differentiate organisms based on their metabolic traits |
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Definition
| The time it takes for a population to double in number |
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Definition
| Organism that requires molecular oxygen |
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Definition
| A population of organisms descended from a single cell and therefore separated from all other species |
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Term
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Definition
| Bacteriological medium to which additional ingredients have been added that inhibit the growth of many organisms other than the one being sought |
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Definition
| Organism that cannot multiply and is often killed in the prescence of oxygen |
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Definition
| Structure that divides the bacterial cells in two during binary fission |
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Definition
| The generation time of mycobacterium tuberculosis is... |
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Term
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Definition
| FtsZ proteins derive their energy from the breakdown of |
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Term
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Definition
| ____ forms a contractile ring at the cell division site |
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Definition
The cross septum starts to form at the beginning of DNA replication T/F |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA replication occurs on ____ |
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Definition
Bacteria growing in log phase are least affected by antiobiotics T/F |
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Definition
| A disinfectant that is non-toxic enough to be used on skin |
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Definition
| Procedures that minimize the chance of unwanted microbes being accidentally introduced |
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Definition
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Definition
| Prevents the growth of, but does not kill, bacteria |
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Definition
| Treatment used to decrease the number of microbes in an area, usually skin |
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Definition
| A chemical used to destroy many microorganisms and viruses |
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Definition
| Kills microorganisms and viruses |
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Definition
A treatment, usually brief heating, used to reduce the number of spoilage organisms and to kill disease-causing microbes |
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Definition
| The process of inhibiting the growth of microorganisms in products to delay spoilage |
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Definition
| A chemical used to destroy all microorganisms and viruses in a product, rendering it sterile |
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Definition
| Completely free of all microbes |
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Definition
| The process of destroying or removing all microorganisms and viruses through physical or chemical means |
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Term
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Definition
| Medical wastes, laboratory equipment, and microbiological media are sterilized through the process of... |
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Term
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Definition
In feedback inhibition, the inhibitor of the biochemical pathway is typically the final product of the biochemical pathway. T/F |
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Term
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Definition
| What does the inhibitor bind to during feedback inhibition? |
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Term
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Definition
If the end product of a biochemical pathway becomes available in the environment, it is crucial for the cell to continue making the product. T/F |
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Term
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Definition
A biochemical pathway consists of a specific sequence of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. T/F |
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Term
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Definition
| Cyclic photophosphorylation produces... |
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Term
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Definition
| In noncyclic photophosphorylation, the electrons passed down through the electron transport system are obtained from... |
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Term
photosystem II ATP production photosystem I NADPH production |
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Definition
| What is the correct sequence in noncyclic photophosphorylation? |
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Term
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Definition
Cyclic photophosphorylation involves a single photosystem. T/F |
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Term
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Definition
Oxygen is produced in noncyclic photophosphorylation but not in cyclic photophosphorylation. T/F |
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Term
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Definition
Bacterial photosynthesis uses only one photosystem T/F |
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Term
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Definition
Bacterial photosynthesis does not produce oxygen T/F |
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Definition
The photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides uses bacteriopheophytin and ubiquinone as electron carriers. T/F |
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Term
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Definition
In reverse electron flow, ATP hydrolysis provides the energy to convert NADH to NAD+ T/F |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ uses H2S as an electron donor forming elemental sulfur as a byproduct. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Calvin Cycle takes place in the ________ of chloroplasts. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Calvin Cycle uses ___ and ___, which are products of the light reactions of photosynthesis. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Calvin cycle begins by the attachment of CO2 to___ |
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Term
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Definition
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and 3-phosphoglycerate are three-carbon molecules produced during the Calvin Cycle. T/F |
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Term
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Definition
The Calvin Cycle functions to construct carbohydrates from carbon dioxide. T/F |
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Definition
The energy currency of cells Hydrolysis of its unstable phosphate bonds can be used to power endergonic reactions |
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Definition
Processes that utilize energy stored in ATP to synthesize and assemble the subunits (building blocks) of macromolecules that make up the cell Biosynthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| Processes that harvest energy released during the breakdown of compounds such as glucose, using it to synthesize ATP |
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Term
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Definition
| Group of membrane-embedded electron carriers that pass electrons from one to another, and, in the process, move protons across the membrane to create a proton motive force |
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Term
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Definition
| A protein that functions as a catalyst, speeding up a biological reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| Metabolic process that stops short of oxidizing glucose or other organic compounds completely, using an organic intermediate such as pyruvate or a derivative as a terminal electron acceptor. |
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Term
| Oxidative Phosphorylation |
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Definition
| Synthesis of ATP using the energy of a proton motive force created by harvesting chemical energy |
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Term
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Definition
| Synthesis of ATP using the energy of a proton motive force created by harvesting radiant energy |
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Term
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Definition
| Metabolic intermediates that can either be used to make the subunits of macromolecules, or be oxidized to generate ATP |
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Term
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Definition
| Form of energy generated as an electron transport chain moves protons across a membrane, creating a chemiosmotic gradient |
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Term
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Definition
| Process that involves transfer of electrons stripped from a chemical energy source to an electron transport chain, generating a proton motive force that is then used to synthesize ATP |
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Term
| Substrate-Level Phosphorylation |
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Definition
| Synthesis of ATP using the energy released in an exergonic (energy-releasing) chemical reaction |
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Term
| Terminal Electron Acceptor |
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Definition
| Chemical such as O2 that is ultimately reduced as a consequence of fermentation or respiration |
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