MICROBOLOGY

is the study of

• Bacteria
• Viruses
• Parasites
• Fungi

Bacteria is

Bacteriology

Viruses is

Virology

Parasites is

Parasitology

Fungi is

Mycology

Pathenogenic is

disease producing

Hooke discovered

the "cell"

cell theory

Van Leeuwenkoek discovered

bacteria called them animacules

Pasteur disproved of the theory of

Spontaneous Generation

(living things are derived from inanimate objects)

Pasteur disproved the theory of

Spontaneous Generation by experiments using the

Swan-Necked flasks or " U " tubes

No contamination of media

Media is made up of

• water
• sugar
• proteins
• fats

it is a material that organisms can utilize to grow on and in

Pasteur is noted for the

Proof of Biogenesis

Proof of Biogenesis

all living cells arise only from pre-existing cells

Pasteur is also known for his work in

Pasteurization and Fermentation

Pasteur also discovered and coined the word

" Vaccine "

as he worked with the virus that causes rabies

Jenner is the

Father of Immunology

Immunology is

how we fight infection

A Vaccine is a

preparation of a weakened microorganisms that produce immunity

Jenner discovered that people who had

cowpox were immune to smallpox

Joseph Lister founder of

aseptic surgery

Alexander Fleming founded

a mold- Penicillium notatum produces a waste product that prevents bacteria from growing called it

penicillin

Paul Ehrlich founded and studied

antibodies in immunity

Ehrlich worked with the disease syphilis

Ehrlich also is the founder and coined the word

" chemotheraphy "

which means treating a disease by chemical substances

Robert Koch founded

solid culture agar media

culture

are organisms growing on and in media

TWO TYPES OF CULTURE

Pure culture

is when only one organism is growing on the media

TWO TYPES OF CULTURE

Mixed culture

is when two or more organisms are growing together

Agar

is a complex sugar used as a solidifying agent in culture media

Koch's postulates

Koch set forth certain criteria for establishing that a certain organism causes a specific disease

The most important step is to inoculate a pure culture of the organism into a healthy animal

Koch also discovered the organism

that causes T.B.

it is called Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Koch also discovered the

Germ theory

which states a specific microorganism causes a specific disease

Taxonomy

the classification and naming organisms

How many Kingdoms;

Name them;

5 Kingdoms

1. Monera    contains bacteria & blue-green algae

2. Protista   conains slime molds & other algae

3. Fungi       contains yeast & molds

4. Plant

5. Animal

NAMING ORGANISMS

Genus                                 Specie

Ex.

Ex.

Ex.

Genus                                      Specie

Ex. Mycobacterium                    tuberculosis

Ex. Staphylococcus                   aureus

Ex. Staphlococcus                     epidermis

Ex. Streptococcus

THERE ARE TWO KINDS OF CELLS

Eucaryotic

Ex. Human cells - Animal - Fungi

have DNA in nucleus surrounded by nuclear membrane

have organelles

Particularly a mitochondria

cell respiration occurs at the mitochondria, 

    this is where cell makes energy

Energy is in the form of a compound called ATP

THERE ARE TWO KINDS OF CELLS

 Procaryotic

are bacteria cells -cell wall semi-rigid

have DNA, but no membrane compound

No nuclear membrane

No organelles

No mitochondria

No large ribosomes

some bacteria are motile-have flagella (do not have cilia)

CHARACTERISTICS

Bacteria

are

procaryotic

simple cells

CHARACTERISTICS:

Bacteria

all have

cell walls

CHARACTERISTICS:

Bacteria

all divide by

binary fission

CHARACTERISTICS:

Bacteria

cell respiration occurs in

cell membrane

ATP

CHARACTERISTICS:

Bacteria

some are capable of

movement

by flagella

CHARACTERISTICS:

Bacteria

3 different shapes:

• Round
• Rod
• Spirals

CHARACTERISTICS:

Fungi

are

Eucaryotic

CHARACTERISTICS:

Fungi

-They require organic material for growth

  sugar-proteins-lipids=fat

-They do not use sunlight or CO_²

-They are NOTclassified as a plant

CHARACTERISTICS:

Fungi

They are

unicellular (yeast)

multicellular (molds)

CHACTARESTICS:

Fungi

They have

cell walls

CHARACTERISTICS:

Fungi

They reproduce

sexually or asexually

CHARACTERICTICS:

Protozoans

are parasites

They are Eucaryotic

CHARACTERISTICS:

Protozoans

They are

unicellular and have a complex structure

Ex. flagella, cilia

CHARACTERISTICS:

Protozoans

They are classified by

locomotion

CHARACTERISTICS:

Protozoans

They do not have

cell walls

CHARACTERISTICS:

Protozoans

They reproduce

sexually or asexually

CHARACTERISTICS:

 Viruses

are not composed of

cells

CHARACTERISTICS:

Benefits of Fungi

Molds - texture and flavor of cheeses

Insect Control - the microorganism is specific for the insect

CHARACTERISTICS:

Viruses

They contain

DNA or RNA

CHARACTERISTICS:

Viruses

They have a

protein coat

CHARACTERISTICS:

Viruses

They do not

They can not

-They do not metabolize nutrients to carry out chemical

  reactions

-They cannot reproduce themselves

CHARACTERISTICS:

Viruses

They need a

living cell to reproduce