Minimum Inhibitory Concentration

Lowest concentration of antibiotic sufficient to inhibit bacterial growth.  Determined after first dilution.

Minimum Bactericidal Concentration.

Lowest concentration of antibiotic necessary to kill bacteria.  Determined after subculturing.

Mannitol Salt Agar

Differentiate between pathogenic and non-pathogenic Staph.  Any growth = staph.  Yellow color change of medium = pathogenic staph.

Test for enterics and coliforms.  Enterics = Gram neg bacilli that reside in the gut, oxidase neg, facultative anaerobes.  Coliforms = lactose fermenting.

Growth = enteric. Pink, mucoid = coliform.

Eosin Methylene Blue Agar

Test for enterics and coliforms.  Growth = enterics.  Pink, mucoid = coliforms.  Metallic green sheen = E. coli.

Mueller-Hinton Tellurite Agar

Test for diptheroids (break down sebum to produce fatty acids as a waste product.  Fatty acids help acidify the skin, acting as a defense against foreign flora.).  Pos result = tiny black colonies.

Kenner Fecal Agar.

Test for enterococci (gram pos cocci).

Pos  result = brick red.

10% sucrose - tests for osmophiles.

Tongue sample looking for Streptococcus salivarius (responsible for the "glue" that holds biofilms together).

Pos result = shiny, dripping white colonies.

Blood Agar

Tests for hemolysis.

Alpha hemolysis - muddy green growth (because red blood cells are leaky)

Beta hemolysis - clear zones around growth (because RBC's lysed)

Gamma hemolysis - red growth (because no hemolysis)

Algae

 Cell wall, photosynthetic, single-celled, round, flagellated

Algae

Spiral, chloroplast - filament of multiple cells.  "chinese finger trap"

Fungus

Single celled yeast.  Reproduce by budding. 

Candida albicans = pathogenic. 

Baker's yeast = Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Fungus

Fleshy mushroom.  Gills, produce spores.

Fungus

Asexual - "lollipop".  Sexual - "knee"

Fungus

"Racoon hand" or "wheat"

Characterized by Motility

1.  Mastigophora - flagellates (undulating membrane powered by kinetoplast)

2.  Sarcodina - pseudopods

3.  Ciliophora - cilia (conjugation - micro and macro nuclei)

4.  Apicomplexa - non-motile, except for some male gametes (flagellated like sperm).  Require 2 hosts for 1 life cycle.

Flagellated (Mastigophora)

"Flying mustache", EXTRACELLULAR blood parasite.  Causes Chaga's Disease, African Sleeping Sickness

Flagellate (Mastigophora)

"Green cigar", has a chloroplast, photosynthetic animal

Pseudopod (Sarcodina)

"Starfish blob"

Ciliate (Ciliophora)

"Kayak"

Ciliate (Ciliophora)

Pathogenic in pigs, zoonotic to people. 

"Football with bar in middle of cell, or round if cyst."

Non-motile (Apicomplexa)

INTRACELLULAR blood parasite.  Causes malaria (two hosts = mosquitoes, mammals)

Parasitic Worms

1.  Ashelminthes/Nematodes (Roundworms)

2.  Platyhelminthes (Flatworms)

Roundworm (Ashelminth/Nematode)

Complete digestive system, lives in muscle tissue.

Platyhelminth (Flatworm)

Trematode, has full digestive system, non-segmented.

Platyhelminth (Flatworm)

Segmented, no digestive system, absorbs nutrients through body wall.

Cestode - has scolex and proglottid

1.  Candida

2.  Coprinus

3.  Rhizopus

4.  Penicillium