Term
| MRSA (Methicillin resistant Staph aureus) |
|
Definition
G+, cocci, clusters
Etiology: special strain of Staph aureus that becomes resistant to the antibiotic, methicilin
Mode of Transmission: normal flora for carries/ contact (direct & indirect)
Signs/symptoms: boils, wound infection, pneumonia
Diagnosis: skin swab, sputum
Treatment: nosocomial - IV vancomycin
Treatment: community - antibiotics(strain dependant)
Vaccine: NONE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
G+, cocci, clusters
Etiology: special strain of Staph aureus that produces a toxin
MoT: Direct contact
Signs/Symptoms: lesions around mouth and nose --> skin begins peeling in sheets
Dia: Signs and skin swab
Treatment: IV antibiotics
Vaccine: NONE |
|
|
Term
| Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) |
|
Definition
G+, cocci, clusters
Etiology: Staph aureus under anaerobic conditions form a toxin
MoT: normal flora under anaerobic conditions
Signs/Symptoms: Fever, vomiting, rash, death
Dia: symptoms, blood tests, spinal tap
Treatment: removal of offending anaerobic conditions and antibiotics
Vaccine: NONE |
|
|
Term
| Acute endocarditis (inflammation of inner layer of the heart) |
|
Definition
G+, cocci, clusters
Etiology: endogenous or exogenous exposure to Staph aureus
MoT: surgery --- rapid destruction of heart valves
S&S: high fever, shock, fatal within days
Dia: blood cultures
Treatment: IV antibiotics
Vaccine: NONE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
G+, cocci, clusters
Etiology: Staph aureus that is allowed to grow in presence of egg product
MoT: "Intoxification" from toxins in the food
S&S: headache--> projectile vomiting and diarrhea--starts 1-6 hrs after injesting food -- lasts 24 hours
Dia: symptoms or 100g food sample
Treatment: rehydration
Vaccine: NONE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
G+, cocci, chains, group A B-hemolytic Strep
Etiology: upper respiratory inhabitation by Strep pyogenes
MoT: contact (direct/indirect)
S&S: tonsillitis --> swollen lymphnodes --> Middle ear infections
Dia: throat swab (latex testing)
Treatment: antibiotics
Vaccine: NONE |
|
|
Term
| Scarlet fever/ scarlatina/rheumatic fever |
|
Definition
G+, cocci, chains, group A B-hemolytic Strep
Etiology: Strep pyogenes with a bacteriophage (bacteria w/ a virus)
MoT: initially had Strep throat
S&S: skin rash, high fever
Dia: Throat swab (latex testing)
Treatment: antibiotics
Vaccine: NONE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
G+, cocci, chains, group A B-hemolytic Strep
Etiology:Endogenous Strep pyogenes
MoT:arises from another infection (teeth/mouth) -- 3-6 months after
S&S:fever, anemia, heart murmur
Dia:blood for cultures
Treatment:oral or IV antibiotics
Vaccine:NONE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
G+, cocci, chains, group A B-hemolytic Strep
Etiology: special strain of Strep pyogenes
MoT:direct or indirect contact
S&S: thin walled vesicles on the skin, itching
Dia:symptoms and skin swab
Treatment:topical antibiotic or oral antibiotic
Vaccine: NONE |
|
|
Term
| Strep mutans (dental caries) cavities |
|
Definition
G+, cocci, chains
Etiology: normal flora (aquired at birth)
MoT:Strep mutans eats sucrose -->
leads to plaque -->
plaque traps other bacteria producing acid -->
acid eats enamel
S&S:plaque, caries
Dia:X-ray, observation
Treatment: cleaning, flossing, filling caries, removal
Vaccine:Possible??? |
|
|
Term
| Strep pneumoniae - Meningitis |
|
Definition
G+, diplococci
Etiology: Strep pneumoniae
MoT:inhaled (most common among adults and children <1yr)
S&S:sore throat --> stiff neck --> blood --> nerves --> seizures --> death
CFR = 25%
Dia:spinal tap
Treatment: IV antibiotics
Vaccine:Pneumococcal vaccine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
G+, diplococci
Etiology: Strep pneumoniae
MoT:inhalation (opportunistic)
S&S:attaches to lungs --> fluid build-up/blood colored sputum
Dia:sputum sample
Treatment:antibiotics
Vaccine:Pneumococcal vaccine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
G+, bacilli, anaerobic, spore-forming
Etiology:Clostridium perfringes
MoT:ubiquitous (found all over the place)
ischemia - blood flow is reduced to tissue resulting in anaerobic condition
S&S:nercrosis of tissue (death), smell
Dia: symptoms and blood or tissue culture
Treatment: antibiotics, hyperbaric chambers, amputation
Vaccine: NONE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
G+,anaerobic, bacilli, spore-forming
Etiology:Clostridium botulinum
MoT:"Intoxification" due to toxins produced under anaerobic conditions (canned foods)
S&S:nausea, double vision, weakness, flacid paralysis, 18 hrs after eating
Flacid Paralysis - no Ach production, diaphram can't contract, suffocation
Dia: symptoms, look for toxins in blood
Treatment: antitoxin
Vaccine:NONE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
G+, bacilli, spore-forming, anaerobic
Etiology: Clostridium tetani
MoT:usually puncture wounds
S&S:neurotoxin --> stiffness --> 5-10 days --> spastic paralysis
Dia: history of wound, symptoms
Treatment: antitoxin
Vaccine: tetanus vaccination every 7-10 yrs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
G+, bacilli, spore-forming, anaerobic
Etiology: Clostridium dificile (new antibiotic resistant strain)
MoT:nosocomial infection (elderly on antibiotics)
S&S: Diarrhea, fever
Colitis --> perforation of colon --> sepsis--> death
Dia:fecal culture, toxin test
Treatment:discontinue antibiotics
--Possibly add vancomycin
Vaccine: NONE |
|
|
Term
| Meningitis(Neisseria spp.) |
|
Definition
G-, diplococci (kidney beans kissing)
Etiology:Neiserria meningitidis ("meningococcal meningitis)
MoT:direct and indirect
<4 years or college students
S&S:sore throat --> stiff neck --> blood --> nerves --> seizures --> death
CFR = 10%
Dia: spinal tap
Treatment:IV antibiotics
Vaccine:meningococcal vaccine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
G-, diplococci (kidney beans kissing)
Etiology: Neisseria gonorrhoea
MoT:genital contact
S&S:Male- urethritis, painful urination, pus
Female - asymptomatic, vaginal discharge, uterine bleeding
Both - sterility if untreated
newborns - blindness (silver nitrate or erythromycin in eyes)
Dia:discharge --> gram stain
Treatment:oral antibiotics
Vaccine:NONE |
|
|
Term
| Salmonellosis (salmonella food poisoning) |
|
Definition
G-, bacilli, individual, lactose -
Etiology: Salmonella typhimerium
MoT:"infection"- organism must grow in the system (poultry, eggs, ect)
S&S:fever, diarrhea
12 hrs - 2 weeks after eating
Dia:fecal culture
Treatment:rehydration
CFR = 1%
Vaccine:NONE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
G-, bacilli, individual, lactose-
Etiology:Salmonella typhi
MoT:carrier (fecal - oral)
S&S: high fever, diarrhea
Dia: fecal culture
Treatment:antibiotics
CFR = 10% untreated
Vaccine: NONE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
G-, pleomorphic bacilli
Etiology:Haemophilus influenza
MoT:inhaled
children < 12 yrs & AIDS patients
S&S:Throat --> blood --> nerves --> seizures --> death
CFR kids = 6%
Dia: spinal tap
Treatment:IV antibiotics
Vaccine:HIB vaccine (Haemophilus influenza type B) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
G-, pleomorphic bacilli
Etiology:Haemophilus influenza
MoT:inhaled (opportunistic)
S&S: attaches to lungs --> fluid build-up/ blood colored sputum
Dia:sputum sample
Treatment:antibiotics
Vaccine:HIB vaccine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
G-, individual bacilli
Etiology:Legionella pneumophilia ("legionaires disease")
MoT:inhalation (opportunistic)
S&S:attaches to lungs --> fluid build-up/blood colored sputum
Dia:sputum sample
Treatment:antibiotics
Vaccine:NONE |
|
|
