Term
mode of action for:
Aminoglycosides |
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Definition
| Binds to 30S ribosomal subunit of bacteria |
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Term
mode of action:
sulfonamide |
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Definition
| Inhibits a metabolic pathway |
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Term
mode of action:
polymixin-B
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Definition
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Term
mode of action:
Vancomycin |
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Definition
| Inhibits cell wall synthesis |
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Term
mode of action:
macrolides |
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Definition
| Binds to 50S ribosomal subunit of bacteria |
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Term
At the end of glycolysis, the end product is a __________ carbon molecule
1. name product
2. how large |
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Definition
1. Pyruvate
2. 3 carbon molecule |
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Term
| Characteristics of Fermintation |
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Definition
-produces gases, alcohols and acids
- occurs in the absence of oxygen
- occurs following glycolysis |
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Term
What is the terminal electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration?
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Definition
| Sulfur or nitrogen compounds |
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Term
The greatest amount of NADH (reduced to NAD+) is produced during_______ stage of aerobic respiration.
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Definition
| Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) |
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Term
| when is membrane filtration used? |
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Definition
when # are too low for serial dilution
(plate count) |
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Term
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Definition
-measures light transmitted through sample with spectrophotometer
- limitation: must have high number of cells |
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Term
| What antibiotic binds to 30S ribosome of bacteria preventing attachment of tRNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| (T/F) Tubulin is an important component of prokaryotic flagella. |
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Definition
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Term
A common target of anti fungal drug is:
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| agent that kills veg. cells but not endospores |
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Term
|
Definition
| agent that prevents/ retards multiplication of bacteria but doesnt always kill it |
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Term
|
Definition
| eliminates most pathogens; used on inanimate objects |
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Term
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Definition
| brief heat treatment used to reduce organisms that cause food spoilage |
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Term
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Definition
| treatment to reduce pathogens to level considered safe |
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Term
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Definition
| implies a substantially reduced microbial pop; not specific level of control |
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Term
| What are bacterial endospores resistant to? |
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Definition
| heat, drying, numerous chemicals |
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Term
| what are protozoan cysts/oocyts ? |
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Definition
resistant microbes
in feces
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Term
What are mucobacterium species?
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Definition
| cell wall initiates resistance |
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Term
|
Definition
| grow in presence of chemical disinfectants |
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Term
Factors affecting killing of microorg.:
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|
Definition
- time of application of agent
- concentration of agent
- temp
- presence of other materials |
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Term
Using alcohol as a control unit:
what are its fxns? |
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Definition
kill- veg. bacteria/ fungi
how- damage lipid membrane
limit- evaporates quickly/ damages rubber |
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Term
Using aldehydes as control unit:
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Definition
kill bacteria/ inactive viruses
they inactive protein/ DNA
ex. formalin--- formaldehyde |
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Term
| how are halogens used for control? |
|
Definition
oxidizes proteins
uses chlorine to destroy all organisms/ disinfectant
ex. iodine-- kill veg. cells |
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Term
| How is ethylene oxide used as a control unit? |
|
Definition
gaseous sterilant useful for hospitals to sterilize equip that cant be heated
- kill everything
- react w proteins |
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Term
| Metals as a chemical control |
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Definition
limit mutagenic/ potentially carcinogenic
reacting with proteins
combing with enzymes and intefere w fxn |
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Term
| What is often used as an alternative oxidizer compared to chlorine? |
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Definition
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Term
What are the B- lactam drugs and fxns?
|
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Definition
PCN & cephalosporins
1. inhibit peptide bridge formation
2. some org resis effects from B- lactamase enzyme
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|
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Term
| two groups of B-lactam drugs: |
|
Definition
Carbapenems- effective agains wide range of gram +/-
Monobactams- effective against Enterobacteriaceae |
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Term
| What are the fxns and characteristics of Vancomycin? |
|
Definition
| prevents formation f PTG and cell wall construction * must be given intravenously due to poor abs in intestinal tract |
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Term
| What are the fxns of Bacitracin? |
|
Definition
interferes with transport of PTG precursors across CPM
* topical only-- very toxic |
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Term
| These irreversibly binds to 30S ribosomal units: |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
reversiby bind 30S ribsomal subunit
- effective against gram +/-
- longer half-life so less freq dose
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Term
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Definition
reversibly bind to 30S ribosomal subunit
- gram + and atypical pneumonia
- |
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Term
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Definition
reversibly bind to 50S ribosomal unit
- last resort drug---- causes aplastic anemia |
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Term
|
Definition
binds to 50S ribosomal unit
inhibits gram +/-
- treats infections from interstinal perforation
** clindamycin most common |
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Term
|
Definition
inhibit action of topoiomerase DNA gyrase
effective against gram +/-
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Term
|
Definition
block prokaryotic RNA polymerase or initation of transcription
- primarily used to treat TB |
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Term
|
Definition
inhibit growth of gram +/-
resistance due to plasmid
human cells lack enzyme in folic acid pathway |
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Term
|
Definition
inhibits folic acid production
- used as synergist of sulfonamide |
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Term
|
Definition
most common- first aid ointments
- topical
- binds to membrane of gram |
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Term
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Definition
| produced by streptomyces; disrupts fungal membrane---- very toxic to humas--- limited to life treatening diseases |
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Term
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Definition
chem. synthesized drug
1. imidazoles--> inhibit sythesis of ergosterol (cream)
2. Triazole--> inhibit synthesi of ergosterol; increased in used for infections |
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Term
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Definition
inhibit pathwa of ergosterol synthesis
topical
used for dermatophyte infections
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Term
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Definition
| interfere with sn of component of fungal cell wall |
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Term
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Definition
interfere w action of tubulin
skin/ nail infection |
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Term
|
Definition
| inhibits enzymes required for nucleic acid syn |
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Term
| What is the overall product at the end of glycolysis? |
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Definition
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