Term
| What is the phyologeny of the Archaea? |
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Definition
1. Euryarchaeota- occupy many different ecological niches and have variety of metabolic patterns [methanogens, extremehalophiles, sulfate reducers, and many extre thermophiles]
2. Crenarchaeotes- thought to resemble the ancestral Archaea and almost all the well characterized species are thermophiles or hyperthermophiles |
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Term
| What would Archaea be classified as in Whittakers system? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a single organisms from the Archaea domain called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are Archaes diverse in? |
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Definition
| morphology, physiology, reproduction, and ecology. |
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Term
| What are Archaes best known for? |
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Definition
best known for their growth in anaerobic, hypersaline, and high temp habitats
* also found in marine artic temps and tropical waters |
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Term
| What do Archaeas lack in the cell wall compared to bacteria? |
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Definition
Muramic Acid and D amino acids |
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Term
| What are the walls of Archaea typically made of? |
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Definition
Pseudomurein (peptidoglycan like polymer), found in some methanogenic species
or complex polysaccharides, proteins, or glycoproteins found in other species |
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Term
| How do membrane lipids in Archara differ from bacteria? |
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Definition
they have a branched chain hydrocarbons attached to glycerol by ether linkage (rather than ester linkage)
*polar phospholipids, sulfolipids and glycolipids are also found in archaeal membranes* |
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Term
| What are other things found in archaeal membranes besides membrane lipids(glycerol ether linkage) |
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Definition
| polar phospholipids, sulfolipids, and glycolipids |
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Term
30% of genes shared exclusively between archaeons and eucaryotes code for what..... |
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Definition
| they code for proteins involved in transcription, translation, or DNA metabolism |
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Term
Many genes shared only with bacteria are involved in... |
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Definition
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Term
Archael mRNA appears to be similar to that of bacteria or eucaryotic mRNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some of the mechanisms of metabolism found in different groups of archaens? |
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Definition
Organotrophy (energy from organic compounds)
Autotrophic (produces own energy)
phototrophic (energy from light) |
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Term
Name a few characteristics of the Phylum Crenarchaeota |
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Definition
-most are extremely thermophilic
-many are acidophilic
-many are sulfur-dependent (some use as electron source in anaerobic resp. other use as electron source in chemolithotrophs)
-almost all are strict anaerobes |
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Term
| the archaea from the phylum Crenarchaeota are often found where? |
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Definition
| geothermally heated water or soils that contain elemental sulfur |
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Term
What is the name of the genus of thermophilic, anaerobic archaea, isolates of which are found in hyperthermic habitats, such as deep-sea thermal vents and subterranean hot springs
- Break down sulfur
- Optimal temperature for growth is 85 degrees C
- They have an interesting lattice-like protein structure covering cell
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Definition
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