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Definition
Envelope: has an extra lipid layer around it as a part of its structure Naked: missing the extra lipid layer around it (more resistant) |
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| Protein sticking out of envelope |
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Definition
| Protein right underneath the envelope and it is used for attachment NOT transport |
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Definition
| Proteins that enclose the nucleic acid of the virus |
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Definition
| Protein subunit of the capsid |
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Definition
Can either be DNA or RNA NOT both in viruses |
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| Viral-associated Proteins? |
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Definition
There are special enzymes in the capsid in some viruses that help out with replication |
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Definition
When virus is grown on a tissue culture and the host cell lyses creating a hole Plaques are the equivalent to a colony of bacteria |
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Term
| Baltimore Classfication System |
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Definition
| Classifying viruses on their nucleic acid, the shape of the virus particle, and whether or not its enveloped or naked |
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Term
| Helical / Icosahedral / Complex |
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Definition
Helical: when the capsid is in the shape of a coil like a spring Icosahedral: when the capsid is in the shape of a 20 sided polygon with 12 points Complex: any other kind of shape the capsid may form (isn't very common) |
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Term
| Attachment/Membrane Receptors |
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Definition
| Spikes or other surface structures attach to glycoprotein receptors on the host membrane |
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Definition
Specific to envelope viruses Membranes melt into each other Envelope of virion fuses with plasma membrane and nucleocapsid is released into the cytoplasm |
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Definition
How naked viruses enter host cells (envelope viruses can do this as well) When the virus binds the plasma membrane surrounds the virion and a vesicle forms |
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Definition
| Viral nucleic acid separates from the protein coat (capsid) |
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Term
| Viron assembly/maturation |
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Definition
DNA replication occurs in the nucleus and RNA replication in the cytoplasm Goal: make mRNA(+) mRNA is translated to protein (sometimes polyprotein that has to be cut into the correct pieces by protease) viral nucleic acid + protein can assemble new capsid Spike proteins are then inserted into host cell membrane |
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Term
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Definition
Made from mRNA(+) One big protein that has to be cut into the correct pieces to be folded properly |
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| Chops up the polyprotein created during virus translation into the appropriate pieces to be folded up properly |
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Definition
One way replicated virus capsules leave the host cell by budding out of the cell being composed of the host cell's plasma membrane |
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Definition
One way the virus capsid leaves the cell through the normal exocytosis process (No lipid membrane on the outside -->naked?) |
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Term
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Definition
| A retrovirus is a virus with an RNA genome that replicates by using a viral reverse transcriptase enzyme to transcribe its RNA into DNA in the host cell. |
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Definition
Enzyme that makes DNA:RNA and then DNA:DNA double helix Enzyme involved in reverse transcription |
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Definition
| When the virus's DNA is inserted into the host's DNA to be translated into many RNAs to make polyproteins for the virus |
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| A provirus is a virus genome that has integrated itself into the DNA of a host cell. |
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Term
| acute / latent / chronic / slow infection |
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Definition
acute: virus disappears after the disease ends latent: virus reactivated later Chronic: after infection with or without disease symptoms, infectious virus is released from host with no symptoms Slow Infection: Virus multiplies slowly and increases titer until disease develops (no disease infections until they cause a fatal infection) |
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| When viral DNA is integrated into host chromosome and transform cell into a tumor cell |
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Definition
gene that, when mutated or expressed at high levels, helps turn a normal cell into a cancer cell |
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Definition
Gene that prevents tumors from forming gene that protects a cell from one step on the path to cancer |
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Definition
Can undergo genetic reassortment RNA of two different viruses are replicated together within a protein coat and then mixed together to form different kinds of viruses Evolutionary |
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Definition
| The mixing of the RNA of two different viruses to form a different kind of virus with a different genetic composition |
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Definition
Enter thru wounds (holes made by insects) Cause variegation of color, stunting of growth, and tumore formation They spread via plasmodesmata (cell junctions) Plants don't recover |
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Definition
| Plant viruses that stunts the plant's growth |
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Definition
| plant viruses that cause the leaves to have a speckled appearance |
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Definition
| Virus that destroys the xylem vessels of the plant depriving them of water causing them to wilt |
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Definition
| Proteins that cause normal proteins to misfold into more prions |
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Term
| Spongiform Encephalopathy |
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Definition
Caused by prions that misfold other proteins in the brain Misfolded version of the protein that is normally folded in the brain which makes other proteins misfold by acting as a template Spongy brain pathology |
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