Boil

Lesion caused by S. aureus

Red swollen, inflammed area (hard center where bacteria grow w/pus)

Walled off by coagulase because the body clots blood plasma around the bacteria

Involves hair follicles

Mini boils in hair follicles that get infected

For especially after shaving

Caused by S. aureus

Scalded skin syndrome

S. aureus that may present as a toxin disease

Exotoxin that dissolves the "glue" between the epidermis and dermis

Common in infants

Caused by S. aureus

Abrupt onset with fever, rash (from cytokines), hypotension (due to hypovolemea)

Caused by TSST superantigen toxin and causes a massive cytokine release

Caused by S. aureus and S. epidermis

Biofilm forms on implanted devices and creeps into the surrounding tissue

Want antibiofilm surfaces for implanted devices

Difficult to treat because of rapid development of multiple drug resistance (MDR)

Virulent staph infection

Streptococcal Infections

Infection of fat tissue underneath the skin

By the nerves, it is painful

Burning sensation, fever, chills

Caused by Strep (also Staph, and others)

Crusts and blisters, fever

Could have ARF, AGN sequelae (autoimmune attack)?

AGN can cause acute glomerulonephritis

Sensitive to PenG

S. pyrogenes

Spread by contact and respiratory droplets

Caused by Borrelia burgdoferi (a spirochaete)

Spread via deer tick

Makes a "bull's eye" rash

Has late sequelae (antibodies attack the body) like heart abnormalities and arthritis

"Lockjaw"

Caused by Clostridium tetani (anaerobic spore-former)

Mostly an intoxication (tetanospasmin)

Causes rigid paralysis, muscle contraction

A substance that binds to neuroreceptors to prevent the binding of neurotransmitters

Used in tetanus

Toxoid vaccine for tetanus

Need once every ten years because the memory cells die

Antitoxin that works if given early enough for tetanus

Tetanus shot

Too late if you wait for the symptoms

Caused by Clostridium perfringens (and others)

1-3 days until an infected wound begins suppurating; foul discharge, tissue necrosis, toxemia, shock, death

Associated with traumatic tissue injury

Extracellular enzyme secretions detroy tissue and allow invasion of vegetative cells

No vaccine or antitoxin

Tissue trauma, impede blood flow, anaerobic, spores germinate and produce alpha toxin, destroys cellular structures

Inflammed, death of a tissue

E: inflammation and A: death of tissue

Can occur within a few hours of an animal bite caused by Pasteurella multocida

Infections caused by major animal pathogens (zoonosis)

Fowl cholera: from chickens, pneumonia

Shipping fever: from cattle, copious nasal discharge, septicemia, and acute pneumonia (death in 18 hrs)

Snuffles: from rabbit, leads to lethal hemorrhagic pneumonia

Lymph node swelling

Caused by cat-scratch disease by Bartonella henslae

Virus that causes chickenpox

Type of herpes virus (HHV3)

Latent virus that causes shingles that orginally caused chickenpox

Type of herpes virus (HHV3)

Diagnosis of chickenpox rash

macular: flat pink spots

Papular: rised

Pustular: puss

Secondary infection caused by chickenpox virus (varicella-zoter)

occurs in kids between the ages of 9-15

Associated with taking aspirin

Can cause coma or brain damage

Caused by paramyxovirus

Fever, runny nose, fine red macular rash

Spread via respiratory droplets

Can also be a respiratory infection

The three C's of measles that help diagnose the infeciton

Coryza: runny nose

Conjunctivitis: pink eye, inflammation of outer layer of eye and inner eyelids

Symptom of the measles

Spots in the pharynx

Spread via respiratory droplets

Vaccine used for the measles

2-injection regimen, few years apart

Fewer than 100 cases/year in the US because of the vaccine

German Measles

Caused by togavirus

Slight fever, mild symptoms, fine rash

Respiratory transmission

VERY serious if vertical transmission (mother to fetus)

If mom has rubella and transmits to fetus

Causes blindness, deafness, heart disease, and retardation

Spread via contact also with existing wart

Replicate in epithelial cell nuclei, cause abnormal cells (genital warts)

Plantar location can grow inverted due to pressure

Causes cervical cancer

One of the fungal skin infections caused by Candida albicans (normal flora)

Causes diaper rash, thrush, and vaginal yeast infection

yeast infection that develops in the mouth and throat and on the tongue

Caused by Candida albicans

Fungal skin infection

Cutaneous skin infection

Causes athlete's foot and other "tinea" infections

Ringworm can cause this

Type of dermatophyte

Causes a rough round patch (on cats?)

Punctures from plant thorns introduce spores

Spores turn into yeast

Nodules form along lymph vessel

Can rupture and cause secondary infections