Innate: Non-Specific, Acts Immediately, Same response nexts time

Adaptive: Targets specific pathogen (discriminates between self/non-self), takes week to develop, has memory (quicker to respond the second time around)

Self: Your body

Non-Self: Foriegn Invader

When your immune system responds quicker to reinfections

It remembers the infections and responds faster to them

Body parts that get rid of foregin invaders

Skin (pH, salt, secretions)

Mucous Membrane (bacteria get trapped and cilia sweep out)

Normal Flora ("good bacteria", prevents overgrowth by pathogens, NOT in internal organs, blood or CSF)

A cytokine that sends "recruiting" signals by allowing chemotaxis to the site of infection

Send signal to phagocytes to go to where the infection is

Cytokine, antiviral and antitumor (produced in response to dsRNA)

Activates inflammatory response (apoptosis)

Three types: alpha, beta, and gamma

Cytokind that allows for communication between WBCs

Tells other WBCs to grow and they can differentiate between different WBCs

Used during inflammatory response/fever

Type of phagocyte

Has nucleus like sausage links

Type of phagocyte

Can turn into macrophages and dentritic cells

Monocyte (blood) --> Macrophage (tissue)

Type of monocyte and phagocyte

Originally monocyte in the blood, but becomes a macrophage in tissue

Phagcocyte that comes from monocytes

Looks like dentrites, w/arms

In tissues to scavege pathogen there?

WBCs that are a part of adaptive immunity

Includes B-cells, T-cells, NK cells

"Natural Killer" Cells

They killer whatever cell doesn't have a "cancel" kill tag

Two different kinds of surface receptors on phagocytes that allow them to recognize pathogens

TLR: on the membrane

NOD: in the cytoplasm

A bunch of proteins binding to a pathogen in a certain preset pattern

Kills the other 0.5%

Activated by binding to the surface

Three activators and three results

Membrane attack complex (MAC) series of proteins inserted into the membrane to make holes and destroys its PMF 

One of the results of the complement system

Gets inserted into foreign cell which causes the cell to lyse

Tag that gets put on to pathogens so that they are easily recognized for phagocytosis

"Eat Me" Tag by C3b

Caused by Macrophages (PMP-TLR) or Complement Cascade

Produces cytokines which increase blood flow to wound, produce adhesin, and make capillary walls porous

Cytokines produce this in an inflammatory response

Allows the phagocytes to stick inside of capillary near the wound

When the capillary walls loosen up so that the phagocytes can to the tissue where the organisms are

PMNs and other WBCs to leak out to get to site of infection

Pyrogens

A type of cytokine that releases a fever to increase the temperature in the body to kill pathogens

(Warm/hot goes with pyro)

One of the bad results of inflammation 

When too much blood leaves the capillaries

Low blood volume can disrupt circulation to tissues

When hypovolemia occurs there is not enough blood flow causing DIC (blood clots in capillaries) which can lead to organ failure (septic shock)

One of the bad things that can result from inflammation

When clots occur in the capillaries which can lead to organ failure (septic shock)

Recognition of intracelluar invaders 

When T-cells recognize viral cells inside other cells

Programmed Cell Death

Caused by release of perforin by T_c into invaded cell for the cell to commit suicide to get rid of the invader

When antibodies are produced by B-cells

The antigens recognize circulating antigens in the bloodstream

T_H cells release cytokines (interleukins) to stimulate other T cells to activate B cells

What the B-cell turns into to secrete antibodies

Produced by B-cells to recognize circulating antigens in the bloodstream (but not inside host cells)

Used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects, such as bacteria and viruses