Term
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Definition
Intron: Section of mRNA that is cut OUT of the mRNA sequence Exon: Section of mRNA that is left IN the mRNA sequence |
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Term
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Definition
| Recognizes the junction between introns and exons, binds to two junctions and removes the intron as a loop |
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Term
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Definition
| Protein unit that is composed of a small and large subunit to read mRNA and create an AA chain |
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Term
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Definition
A: Where the tRNA with the amino acid enters the ribosome P: Where the amino acid is added to the amino acid chain E: Where the empty tRNA goes to exit the ribosome |
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Term
| Small Subunit/Large Subunit |
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Definition
| Two components of the RNA that leaves a hole in between the two that allows the mRNA to pass through |
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Term
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Definition
Group of three nucleotides This is used to read mRNA (in groups of three) |
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Term
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Definition
The three ways to read a long line of nucleotides in an mRNA sequence Needs to read the right way in order to code for the right protein |
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Term
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Definition
| The specific RNA sequence that signals where the ribosome binds |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of RNA that has an anti codon sequence to match the codon sequence in the mRNA and the amino acid that the codon codes for |
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Term
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Definition
Contains the complementory sequence that goes with the codon in the mRNA One end of tRNA |
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Term
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Definition
| tRNA that contains an amino acid on it |
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Term
| Amino-acyl-tRNA synthetase |
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Definition
| The enzyme that binds the AA to the tRNA |
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Term
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Definition
When the small and large subunits combine in the ribosome, moves until it finds AUG in the P site tRNA recognizes AUG The P site is full and the A and E sites are empty |
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Term
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Definition
The process of continually adding Costs 3 GTP per AA AA in P site is transferred to AA in A site (transpeptidation) P site empty tRNA exits mRNA slides along to next codon in A site (translocation) |
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Term
| Transpeptidation (peptidyl transferase) |
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Definition
| When AA in P site binds to AA in A site |
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Term
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Definition
mRNA movement mRNA slides to next codon in A site |
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Term
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Definition
Terminates the elongation process No tRNA for stop codon Ribosome falls apart and releases the protein |
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Term
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Definition
Instead of a tRNA binding to the stop codon this binds to the codon Ribosome falls apart and releases the protein |
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Term
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Definition
Sometimes a tRNA DOES recognize a stop codon However it's ok because the sequence beyond the stop codon is random and there is 3/64 chance another stop codon will stop elongation |
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Term
| "Coupled" Transcription and Translation |
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Definition
| Only in prokaryotes where mRNA can be elongated before it is even done being transcribed into mRNA |
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