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The process of DNA making RNA (mRNA) which makes protein |
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When DNA makes another copy of itself Duplicates original molecule |
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| Process of making RNA (mRNA) from DNA |
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| When some kinds of RNA can go back and make DNA |
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| When protein is made from RNA (mRNA) |
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| Antiparallel Double Helix |
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When the 5' end of one strand pairs up with the 3' end of the other strand of DNA One strand is "flipped upside down" |
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| Hydrogen Bonded Base Pair |
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When the nitrogenase bases pair up with one another in DNA or RNA with hydrogen bonds A goes with T (or U in RNA) C goes with G |
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In DNA Bonds the phosphate group and five carbon sugar together |
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| Phosphate group is attached to 5th carbon of the sugar in DNA |
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| Hydroxyl group (-OH) is attached to the 3rd carbon of the sugar in DNA |
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| Provides the energy that comes from splitting P-P from nucleoside triphosphate to attach the phosphate group to the sugar group |
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A strand of nucleic acid that serves as a starting point for DNA replication Where the existing 3' OH attached to existing nucleic acid polymer |
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When DNA replicates there needs to be an old strand so the new can complement the old strand The old strand is referred to as the template |
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A process where if a base is wrong, the H-bond is made badly, and the base is removed by DNA pol The template then tries again to make a duplicate copy of itself Reduces mutational errors (not for RNA) |
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When DNA replicates there is an old strand and a new strand that complements the old strand. Its semiconservative because only one of the old strands is saved for replication |
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| In bacteria where DNA gets copied in both directions pulling both ends into another circle |
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| When bacteria replicate their DNA it looks like a theta symbol because it is in a circular shape to begin with |
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When the DNA begins to unwind to begin replication forming a bubble See sketch in notes? |
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Ori C: specific sequence that begins replication and proceeds in both directions Ter: specific sequence where ends replication 180° away around the circle |
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The strand of DNA that able to replicate the DNA in a continuous fashion Replicates in same direction as fork opens 3' to 5' |
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Replicates in the opposite direction as fork opens This strand replicates the DNA in fragments 5' to 3' This strand has to be looped back on itself |
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| The short fragments of DNA made by the lagging strand in the 5' to 3' direction |
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| Enzyme that opens up the two strands of DNA |
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| Enzyme that relieves the strain of replication of DNA when it gets wrapped up again |
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Enzyme that makes sure that each new piece of DNA is preceeded by a primer Makes the primer? |
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Enzyme that makes the phosphodiester bonds enzyme that catalyzes the polymerization of deoxyribonucleotides into a DNA strand |
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| Sigma factor (sigma subunit) |
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| One part of the RNA polymerase that allows it to find the promoter on the DNA |
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| Enzyme part of RNA polymerase that makes the RNA |
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| A special DNA sequence that RNA polymerase tries to find in order to make RNA |
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| Two particular sequences of DNA that indicate where the -35 and -10 positions are on the DNA for transcription |
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Lets the RNA polymerase know if it is going in the right direction along the DNA strand Going from -35 to -10 is the right direction |
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| A basic unit of heredity of in a living organism |
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| Template strand/ Non template strand |
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The direction of transcription determines dictates which strand is used as a template Template: Used to make RNA Nontemplate: Not used make RNA |
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| The stop signal that indicates the end of the gene in DNA |
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