Term
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Definition
| A major source of variation within a bacterial species. It only affects a single gene. |
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Term
| Types of Mutation: Deletion |
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Definition
| A mutation in which part of a chromosome or DNA sequence is missing |
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Term
| Types of Mutation: Frameshift |
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Definition
| One or a few nucleotide sequences are deleted or inserted causing a shift in the translational reading frame |
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Term
| Types of Mutation: Silent |
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Definition
| A change in DNA that causes no change in the activity encoded by the gene (has no effect on the gene) |
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Term
| Types of Mutation: Missense |
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Definition
| A mutation that results in the substitution of an amino acid in a protein |
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Term
| Types of Mutation: Nonsense |
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Definition
| A base substitution in the DNA that results in a nonsense codon |
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Term
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Definition
| A codon that does not encode any amino acid |
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Term
| Types of Mutation: Mutagen Induced |
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Definition
| Mutation that is induced by a mutagen |
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Term
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Definition
| An agent in the environment that brings about mutations |
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Term
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Definition
| The process in which genes are transferred from one bacterium to another |
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Term
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Definition
| The transfer of DNA from one cell to another by a bacteriaphage |
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Term
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Definition
| Virus that effects bacteria 8===D |
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Term
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Definition
| Transfer of genetic material from one cell to another involving cell to cell contact |
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Term
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Definition
| What the gene's code says |
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Term
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Definition
| Physical expression of the gene, influenced by the environment |
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Term
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Definition
| Microorganism isolated from the wild |
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Term
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Definition
| A mutated microorganism that has lost a metabolic function particularly to synthesize a growth factor |
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Term
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Definition
| Wildtype parent to an auxotroph |
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Term
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Definition
| Wildtype parent to an auxotroph |
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Term
| Types of Mutation: Null or knockout mutation |
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Definition
| A mutation that totally inactivates the gene |
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Term
| Types of Mutation: Reversion |
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Definition
| When an auxotroph is changed back to the wildtype |
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Term
| Types of Mutation: Suppressor |
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Definition
| Mutation that overcomes the effects of the first mutation |
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Term
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Definition
| Mutated organism that acquires resistance to some pathogen or antibiotic |
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Term
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Definition
| A method for detecting carcinogens |
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Term
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Definition
| The process in which a new recombinant chromosome is formed by combining genetic material from two organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| They protect bacteria and foreign DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| Modify DNA to protect it from restriction enzymes |
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Term
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Definition
| Plasmids can be eliminated from host cells using acridine mutations, UV, and ionizing radiation, thymine starvation, and growth above optimal temperatures |
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Term
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Definition
| circular DNA used in conjugation |
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Term
| Fertility factors (F factor) |
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Definition
| A plasmid that plays a major role in conjugation |
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Term
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Definition
| Often confer antibiotic resistance on the bacteria that contain them and code for enzymes capable of destroying or modifying antibiotics |
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Term
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Definition
| All bacterial genes are transferred |
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Term
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Definition
| A piece of cell DNA is transferred |
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