Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
Enterococcus
Micrococcus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Rods (bacilli)Gram positive |
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Definition
Bacillus
Clostridium
Lactobacillus
Listeria
Corynebacterium
Propionibacterium
Mycobacterium |
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Term
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Definition
Pseudomonas
Escherichia
Enterobacter
Salmonella
Shigella
Klebsiella |
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Term
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Definition
irregular clusters, no endospores, no flagella
habitat: skin and mucous membranes |
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Term
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Definition
nosocomial infections, ubiquidous, hearty and resistant, many virulence factors:
coagulase, hyaluronidase, staphylokinase, nuclease, lipase, penicillinase, alpha toxin
boils and focal infections |
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Term
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Definition
| chains, no endospores, not motile, FACULTATIVE ANAEROBES, FASTIDIOUS, sensitive, normal residents |
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Term
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Definition
habitat: throat, nasopharynx, skin
STRICT PARASITE
virulence factors: surface carbohydrates (protect from digestion), fimbrae, M protein (resist phagocytosis+adherence), capsule (w/ same hyaluronic acid as humans), streptokinase, streptolysin, alpha hemolysis, erthrogenic toxin, super antigens, local infections, can go to long term complications (rhumatic fever or glomerulonephritis) |
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Term
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Definition
| enzyme causes blood plasma to coagulate |
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Term
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Definition
| digests host connective tissue molecule (hyaluronic acid) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| incomplete (hemoglobin turns media greenish) |
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Term
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Definition
complete (clear zone in blood agar medium)
BY: alpha toxin |
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Term
| Streptococcal pharyngitis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| systemic spread of erythrogenic toxin from strep throat infection (streptococcus pyogenes- pus forming) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus, diplococcus) |
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Definition
| fastidious, LARGE CAPSULE, causes pneumonia, otitis media (middle ear infections), meningitis |
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Term
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Definition
| diplococcus, no flagella, capsules, STRICT PARASITES, AEROBIC, FASTIDIOUS, endotoxins, pili (attatchment), PID |
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Term
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Definition
aerobic, metabolically versitile
anthracis: facultative parasite,spores, cutaneous or pulmonary anthrax
cereus: food poisoning (spores grow produce endospores) |
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Term
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Definition
anaerobic
perfringens: gas gangrene (exoenzymes rupture tissue) food poisoning undercooked meats(enterotoxin)
difficile: superinfection after normal flora disrupted (enterotoxin)
tetani: tetanospasmin (toxin inhibits relax)---toxoid vaccination---
botulinum: botulin (toxin inhibits contract) |
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Term
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Definition
| coccobacilli, gram +, grow in fridge, listeriousis (food poisoning) crosses placenta |
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Term
| Corynebacterium diptheriae |
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Definition
| gram +, pleomorphic club, upper reperatory infection, diptheria toxin (cell metabolism), pseudomembrane to systemic toxemia to myocarditis, vaccine (DTaP or DPT) |
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Term
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Definition
| survive inside phagocytes, cords |
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Term
| mycobacterium tuberculosis |
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Definition
| lung infection via tubercles (central core of bacteria surrounded lymphocytes), TB test by PPD injection |
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Term
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Definition
not readily contagious, destroy nerves
tuberculoid:superficial; few bacilli in lesions
lepromatous: thick granulomas, lots bactilli in lesions |
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Term
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Definition
| common secondary infection in AIDS |
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Term
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Definition
(1) Aerobes
▪ Pseudomonas
▪ Bordetella
▪ Legionella
(2) Facultative Anaerobes
▪ Coliforms
▪ Noncoliforms
▪ Normal flora
▪ Pathogenic
▪ Non-enteric pathogens
(3) Obligate Anaerobes
▪ Bacteroides |
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Term
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Definition
gram - bacilli, single polar flagellum, free-living, versatile, adaptable, esp. water sources or moist areas (e.g. your humidifier), produce pigments (green, brown, red) in growth medium
opportunist, nosocomial (WASH HANDS)
virulence: exotocin, slime layer, endotoxin, hemolysins, Drug resistance |
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Term
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Definition
| Whooping cough, coccobacillus, capsule, bind to reperatory epithial cells, toxins destroy cilia, vaccine toxoid(DTaP or DPT), |
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Term
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Definition
| Facultative anaerobic gram negative rods, bowels of mammals, nosocomial infections: gastroenteritis, diarrhea, ID via IMViC, enterotubes, Durham tubes (coliforms), serotyping |
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Term
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Definition
(watery diarrhea)▪ secretory diarrhea (secrete salts, water follows)
▪ microbes do not invade host tissues (do damage from outside)
e.g. cholera (Vibrio cholerae)
some E. coli
some Shigella |
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Term
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Definition
(bloody diarrhea)
▪ ulceration; blood in stool
e.g.. Salmonella
some Shigella
some E. coli
Entamoeba histolytica |
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Term
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Definition
lactose-fermenting, enterics
E. coli (diarrhia, both kinds across strains)
Klebsiella pneumonia (normal resp. =nosocomial pnemonia)
Enterobacter aerogenes (UTI)
Citrobacter
Serracatia marcescens (red)
Serratia pneumonia |
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Term
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Definition
Lac. negative, noncoliforms
Salmonella typhi (typhoid fever-invasive infection of SMALL INTESTINE leading to septicemia)
Salmonella enteritidis(food poisoning, animal sourcies-chicken)
Shigella (dysentery-invasion+ulceration of mucosa of LARGE INTESTINE) |
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Term
| True Pathogenic NON-Enterics |
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Definition
Yersinia pestis (bubonic plague)
Haemophilus influenzae (acute bacterial meningitis-needs blood)
Haemophilus aegyptius (pinkeye/acute communicable conjunctivitis) |
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Term
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Definition
Treponema pallidum and syphilis
Borrelia burgdorferi and Lyme disease |
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Term
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Definition
Vibrio cholerae (Cholera Toxin-water diarrhea) and cholera
Campylobacter vibrios and gastrointestinal disease
Campylobacter jejuni s shape (diarrhea)
Helicobacter pylori (stomach/intestinal ulcers) |
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Term
| Obligate intracellular parasites |
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Definition
rickettsias and "Rocky Mountain spotted fever"
chlamydias and STD |
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Term
| Cell-wall deficient bacteria |
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Definition
mycoplasma pneumoniae "walking pneumonia"
mycoplasma fermentens intercellular pathogen, immunosupressive, found in AIDS |
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Term
| Treponema pallidum pallidum |
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Definition
syphilis, SLOW celldivision,▪ Waves of treponemia and latency :
▪ Primary: chancre
▪ Secondary: skin rash
▪ Tertiary: gummas (swollen tumors); aortic rupture |
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Term
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Definition
▪ transovarian transmission
(1) Typhus epidemics (prowazekii) endemic (typhi)
(2) Spotted fever (rickettsii) |
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Term
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Definition
trachomatis (STD)
▪ Life cycle – includes two stages (Fig. 21.23)
▪ elementary body (semi-resistant, infectious form)
▪ reticulate body (growing, "vegetative" form grows intracellularly)
▪ survives in phagosome |
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Term
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Definition
▪ Spirochetes (Treponema)
▪ Lactobacilli
▪ Streptococci
▪ Actinomyces
▪ Neisseria
▪ Bacteroides |
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Term
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Definition
| mucous coating around tooth that promotes plaque |
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Term
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Definition
▪ huge (for viruses)
▪ large DNA genome
▪ cytoplasmic replication (even though DNA genome)
▪ complex structure (includes envelope)
▪ relevant diseases characterized by eruptive skin pustules (pocks or pox) which leave small depressed scars or pockmarks
variola (smallpox) vaccinia (cowpox) mulluscipoxvirus (STD waxy pustules to freeze/burn off) |
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Term
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Definition
poxviruses
Herpesviruses
Hepatitis B virus |
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Term
| Herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 |
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Definition
1) fever blisters, cold sores: latency in nerves and reactivation
2) genital lesions: latency in nerves, clusters on genitalia, STORCH (cigarette burn)
Whitlow |
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Term
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Definition
(1) Varicella a.k.a. Chickenpox
(2) Herpes Zoster a.k.a. Shingles |
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Term
| Human cytomegaloviruses (CMV) |
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Definition
Enveloped DNA
▪ infection forms giant cells with nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions
▪ latency: in white blood cells
ubiquitous, prob for developing fetus, AIDS |
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Term
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Definition
Infectious mononucleosis (sore throat) “kissing disease”, “mono”
Burkitt’s lymphoma
▪ B-cell malignancy or tumor |
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Term
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Definition
▪ unique partially double-stranded and single-stranded DNA circular genome
liver, remains in dried blood for days, some chronic
vaccine routine for children and med people |
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Term
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Definition
adenoviruses (common cold)
papilloma and polyoma virus
parvoviruses |
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Term
| Human Papillomavirus (HPV) |
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Definition
DNA virus, nonenveloped
(1) Common warts & Plantar warts
(2) Genital warts (most common types are HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31) warts to cervical cancer |
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Term
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Definition
DNA, tumors (many types): JC virus (progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy; PML)
attacks and demyelinizes parts of the cerebrum or BK virus (kidney infections; viremia in renal transplant patients) |
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Term
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Definition
single-stranded DNA
B19 causes erythema infectiosum
▪ low-grade fever, bright red rash on cheeks (“slapped face”; see Fig. 24.25)
Adeno-associated virus (A-AV)
▪ replication-defective type of parvovirus that requires helper adenovirus |
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Term
| Enveloped, ssRNA, Negative-sense, |
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Definition
Segmented:
Orthomyxoviruses
NOn-segmented:
Paramyxoviruses
Rhabdoviruses
Filoviruses |
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Term
| Enveloped, ssRNA, Positive-sense, Nonsegmented |
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Definition
Togaviruses
Flaviviruses
Coronaviruses |
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Term
| Enveloped, ssRNA, Positive-sense, Nonsegmented, with REVERSE transcriptase |
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Definition
Retroviruses
AIDS
HTLV I – T-cell leukemia; (ATL)
HTLV II – hairy cell leukemia; B cells |
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Term
| NONenveloped, ssRNA, Nonsegmented |
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Definition
Picornaviruses
Caliciviruses |
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Term
| NONenveloped, dsRNA, Segmented |
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Definition
Reoviruses
Unusual: double layered capsid (tough stuff!)
1. Rotavirus (infant diarrhea; named for spoke-like capsid pattern)
2. Reovirus (not considered a significant infectious problem [pathogen] for humans) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Enveloped,- sense, ssRNA, nonsegmented
Parainfluenza – causes cold symptoms, bronchitis, croup;
Mumps -Inflammation of salivary glands, esp. parotids; later spreads to other organs (MMR vaccine) |
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Term
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Definition
Enveloped,- sense, ssRNA, nonsegmented
Measles virus (rubeola, 7-day measles)
Koplik's spots (diagnostic!)
MMR vaccine |
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Term
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Definition
ssRNA, enveloped, negative sense, nonsegmented
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
adults=cold children=severe |
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Term
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Definition
Enveloped, ssRNA, + sense, nonsegmented
1. Rubella virus (German measles)
▪ MMR vaccine; STORCH
2. WEE, EEE (equine encephalitis viruses)
3. St. Louis encephalitis virus [arbovirus] |
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Term
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Definition
Hepatitis C virus (HCV)(chronic)
Dengue fever virus [arbovirus]
Yellow fever virus [arbovirus]
West Nile virus!!! [arbovirus |
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Term
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Definition
ssRNA, enveloped, + sense, nonsegmented
Members cause: common cold, enteric disease; myocarditis, pneumonia, SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) |
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Term
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Definition
Enveloped, ssRNA, +sense, non segmented
REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE
HIV
AIDS
HTLV I – T-cell leukemia; (ATL)
HTLV II – hairy cell leukemia; B cells |
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Term
| Enteroviruses (Enteric picornaviruses) |
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Definition
1. Polio virus vaccines (IPV-inactivated or OPV-oral, attenuated)
2. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infectious SHORT TERM |
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Term
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Definition
| Human rhinoviruses = Common cold |
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Term
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Definition
Norwalk agent, acute gastroenteritis
cruise ships |
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