Term
| Prokaryote characteristics |
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Definition
1-DNA is not enclosed within a membrane, is 1 circular chromosome
2- DNA is not associated with histones (special chromosomal proteins euks have) other proteins associated with DNA
3-lack (membrane enclosed) organelles
4-peptidoglycan- cell wals almost always have this polysaccharide
5- binary fission- they divide by binary fission |
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Term
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Definition
1-DNA is in cell's nucleus
2-DNa associated w/ chromosomal protines, histones/nonhistones
3-Membrane-enclosed organelles (mitochonria, golgi, lysosomes, etc)
4-Cells walls are simple
5- divide by mitosis (chromosomes replicate) |
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Term
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Definition
Diplo-pair
strepto-chain
palasade-chain partially attached by small hinge & fold back on ea other
coccus-spherical/ball shaped
bacillus-rod shaped
coccobacillus-short & plumprod
vibrio-rod tht's gently curved
sprilllum-slightly curved+rigid helix |
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Term
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Definition
monotrichous-single;
lophotrichous- tufts of flagella coming from same site
amphitrichous- both ends
peritrichous-flagella dispered randomly all over the surface |
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Term
| prok-4 types bacterial appendages |
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Definition
| flagella, pilus, fimbria, glycocalyx |
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Term
| prok-gram + vs. gram - staining? |
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Definition
GRAM + = stain purple - think POSITIVE - PURPLE (THICK peptidoglycan)
GRAM - = stain REDDISH (THINK peptidoglycan)
difference? THICK |
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Term
| Process for Gram Staining |
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Definition
1 sequential application of crystal violet (px dye), iodine (mordant), alcohol rinse (decolorizer) and counterstain
2 crystal violet added to heat fixed smear - all bacteria stained purple
3 Gram's iodine added causes crystal violet to form complexes in Peptidoglycan
4 alcohol rinses removes dye from gram-negative bacteria
5 safranin conterstain colors gram - bacteria red |
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Term
ESSENTIAL DIFF- Gram - Gram + cell walls?
(Gram reaction, peptidoglycan layer, outer membrane, Lipopolysacc none /high?; Susceptibility to Pen/Sufl; Suscept to Strept/Tetracycline/etc) |
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Definition
GRAM : Gram POSITIVE think Purple; Gram NEG is RED
Peptidoglycan layer: Positive=thick (think, athlete STRONGER/Bigger (thicker) when positive); Negative = thin
OUTER MEM: Gram + = NO ; Gram Neg= YES (therefore,w/ LPS content, present in Gram - outer membrane)
TOXINS: Gram + = Exo; Gram -= ENDO + EXO (think more toxic more negative!)
Suscept to Pen/Sulf: Gram +=Yes (Positive to penicillin and is PURPLE); Gram -= no
Suscept to Strept/Tetracycline/etc): Gram += No; Gram -= YES |
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Term
| Endospores are dormant bodies made by some bacteria (bacillus, clostridium , sporosarcina). What are tehir 2 phases of life cycle? |
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Definition
Vegetative cell (metabolically active, growing cell that can be induced by environmental condition to SPORULATE) ;
Endospores= A dormant body which certain Gram-positive bacteria can develop within them under conditions of stress (like lack of nutrients), which is highly resistant to harsh environmental conditions and which can develop into a new, live bacterium once conditions are good again |
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Term
| 5 things that could be in bacterial cytoplasm? |
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Definition
1 chromosome (singular circular strand of DNA);
2 ribosome (site of protein synthesis);
3 nucleoid (area of cell where DNA aggregates);
4 inclusions/granules- storage places
5 plasmid (extra chromosomal, nonessential pieces of circluar DNA) |
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Term
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Definition
| unique group of microorganisms. They are called bacteria (Archaeobacteria) but they are genetically and metabolically different from all other known bacteria. They appear to be living fossils, the survivors of an ancient group of organisms that bridged the gap in evolution between bacteria and the eukaryotes (multicellular organisms). The name Archaea comes from the Greek archaios meaning ancient.(12 Dec 1998) |
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Term
| archaea - are likely to cause disease/be pathogenic in humans. True / False |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is not found in all bacterial cells?
a_cell membrane
b_nucleoid
c_ribosomes
d_flagellum |
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Definition
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Term
bacterial arrangement in packets of 8 cells is described as an:
a_micrococcus
b_diplococcus
c_tetrad
d_sarcina |
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Definition
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Term
pili are tubular shafts in _________ bacteria that serve as a means of __________?
a_gram - positive; genetic excahgne
b_gram positive; attachment
c_gram -; genetic exchange
d_gram -; protection |
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Definition
| c_gram -; genetic exchange |
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Term
Which of the following is present in both Gram + and Gram - cell walls?
a_outer membrane
b_peptidoglycan
c_teichoic acid
d_Lipopolysaccharides |
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Definition
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Term
Bacterial endospores usually fx in
a_reproduction
b_survival
c_protein synthesis
d_storage |
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Definition
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Term
bacterial species is determined by
a_its ability to mate within its group
b_ its genetic similarities
C_its phenotypic similarities
d_the two above |
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Definition
b_ its genetic similarities
C_its phenotypic similarities |
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Term
Which stain is most frequently used to distinguish diff. btw the cell walls of medically important bacteria?**
a_simple stain
b_acridine orange stain
c_Gram stain
d_Negative stain |
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Definition
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Term
| Both Gram + and Gram - bacteria can form endospores- which ones are (most) medically relevant? |
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Definition
| GRAM POSITIVE (Bacillus, Clostridium) |
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