Term
| How did Aristotle organize plants and animals? |
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Definition
| According to where they live (land, air, water) |
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Term
| What are Ernst Haeckel's contributions to large-scale biological classification? |
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Definition
| He proposed a tree-like pattern consisting of three groups: plants, animals, protists. |
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Term
| What are Whittaker's contributions to large-scale biological classification? |
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Definition
| He proposed five kingdoms. |
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Term
| What are Woese's contributions to large-scale biological classification? |
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Definition
| He proposed three domains: bacteria, archaea, and eukarya. |
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Term
| What are the three types of bacterial shapes? |
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Definition
1. Spirals (helical, corkscrews)
2. Rods (bacilli)
3. Spherical (cocci) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What three features do prokaryotes share with eukaryotes? |
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Definition
1. Plasma membranes and ribosomes
2. Similar metabolic pathways
3. Semiconservative replication of DNA |
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Term
| What are four differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? |
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Definition
1. All prokaryotes are unicellular
2. Prokaryotes divide by binary fission (not mitosis)
3. Prokaryotes do not have DNA in a nucleus (often circular shape)
4. Prokaryotes do not have membrane-enclosed organelles (ie. mitochondria, chloroplasts) |
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Term
| What are two differences between bacteria and archaea? |
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Definition
1. Plasma membrane: branched in bacteria, unbranched in archaea
2. Cell walls: bacteria have peptidoglycan (amino sugar polymer), archaea have a lipid monolayer |
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Term
| What is unique about archaea? |
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Definition
| They are extremophiles, so they are capable of living in environments with high salinity, extreme pHs, low oxygen concentrations, and extreme temperatures. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Use light for energy but obtain carbon from organic compounds made by other organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| Obtain carbon from organic compounds (includes most bacteria, archaea, and all animals/fungi) |
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Term
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Definition
| Obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic substances to fix carbon (includes many archaea) |
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