Term
| Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli |
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Definition
- Gram negative bacilli
- Lactose fermentator
- Watery diarrhea
- Tir
- Bundle-forming pili in EAF plasmid
- A/E histopathology
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Term
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Definition
- Gram negative bacillus
- Lactose fermenting
- Inflammatory bloody diarrhea
- Actin-tail mediated movement
- Lysis of phagocytic vacuole and replication in cell cytoplasm
- Large intestines
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Term
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Definition
- Gram negative bacillus
- Lactose fermenting
- LT and ST toxin
- Small intestine
- Watery diarrhea
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Term
| Enteroaggregative E. coli |
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Definition
- Gram negative bacillus
- Lactose fermenting
- Watery diarrhea
- AAF I and II
- Biofilm formation
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Term
| Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli |
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Definition
- Gram negative bacillus
- Lactose fermenting
- Bloody diarrhea with no fever
- Cannot ferment sorbitol
- Undercooked hamburger
- Haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)
- SLT-1 and SLT-2
- No antibiotics given
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Term
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Definition
- Gram negative bacillus
- Facultative intracellular: replicate in phagosome
- H2S production
- Type III secretion
- SPI-1 and SPI-2
- Can have bloody diarrhea
- Metastatic infections: gallbladder is common reservoir
- Typhoid fever
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Term
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Definition
- Gram negative bacillus
- Non-motile
- Facultative intracellular: replicate in cytoplasm
- Actin-mediated cell-cell spread
- Shiga toxin: bloody diarrhea
- HUS
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Term
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Definition
- Gram negative bacillus
- Lactose fermenting
- Urease positive
- Non-motile
- Large capsule
- Currant jelly sputum
- UTI, septicemia, meningitis
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Term
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Definition
- Gram negative bacillus
- Urease positive: Stuvite stones
- Swarming motility
- H2S production
- Weil-Felix reaction
- Pneumonia, septicemia
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Term
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Definition
- Gram negative bacillus
- Facultative intracellular
- Urease positive
- Facultative psychrophile
- Pseudoappendicitis, arthritis in adults
- Mesenteric adenitis
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Term
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Definition
- Gram negative bacillus
- Urease positive
- Non-motile
- Bipolar staining
- Transmission by flea bite, aerosol, direct contact
- Bubonic and pneumonic plaque
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Term
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Definition
- Gram negative
- Grow at 42dC but not 25dC
- Associated with Guillian Barre syndrome and reactive arthritis
- Transmission via fecal-oral or unpasturized milk
- Watery, ill-smelling diarrhea preceding dysentery
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Term
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Definition
- Gram negative S-shaped bacilli
- Microaerophilic
- Grows at 25dC but not 40dC
- S protein inhibits C3b binding
- Systemic infection common after gastroenteritis
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Term
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Definition
- Gram negative
- Spiral rod
- Urease positive
- Chronic gastritis predispose to gastric adenocarcinoma
- Gastric mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue B cell lymphomas (MALT)
- Check with C-14 labeled urea
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Term
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Definition
- Gram negative comma-shaped
- Oxidase positive
- ADP-ribosylates Gs increases cAMP
- Marine environment transmission by food (raw shellfish) or water contamination
- O1 and O139
- Rice-water stools
- Cholera/AB5 toxin
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Term
| Haemophilus influenzae type B |
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Definition
- Gram negative coccobacilli
- Requires hematin (X) and NAD/NADP (V)
- Capsule contains PRP (polyribosyl ribitol phosphate)
- Epiglottitis, meningitis, otitis media, pharyngitis, pneumonia, sinusitis
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Term
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Definition
- Gram negative coccobacillus
- STD
- Painful chancroid lesion
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Term
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Definition
- Gram negative coccobacillus
- Brazilian purpuric fever
- Conjunctivitis
- Fever, abdominal pain, vomitting
- Treat w/ macrolide or quinolone
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Term
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Definition
- Gram negative slim pleomorphic bacillococci
- Facultative intracellular
- Oxidase negative
- Fastidious - requires cysteine and iron
- Aerosol point source transmission
- Psychro-thermophile
- Type II transmission
- Coiling phagocytosis prevents phagolysosome fusion
- Pontiac fever and Legionnaires' disease
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Term
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Definition
- Gram negative
- FHA/P69 Protein
- ACT, TCT
- No uninfected carrier
- Pertussis toxin - S1 inactivates Gi
- Catarrhal - highest spread
- Paroxysmal - whooping cough paroxysms
- Acellular vaccine
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Term
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Definition
- Gram negative
- Grape-like smell
- Pyocyanin
- Non-fermenter
- Psychrothermophile
- Can survive in distilled water
- Opportunistic and nosocomial infection
- Flower vase, contaminated water supply
- Exotoxin A, S
- Otitis externa
- Keratitis
- Septicemia - can develop ecthyma gangrenosum
- Endocarditis
- Resistant to many antibiotics
- Treat with ticarcillin, piperacillin, cefepime, aminoglycosides
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Term
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Definition
- Gram negative
- Facultative intracellular in phagolysosome
- Oxidase negative
- Transmission by arthropod bite, inhalation, or ingestion (esp. rabbits)
- Presents with ulceroglandular, oculoglandular, typhoidal, pharyngeal, pneumonic
- Treat with gentamycin, doxycycline, floroquinolone
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Term
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Definition
- Gram negative coccobacilli
- Non-motile, catalase +, oxidase + urease +
- Non-fermentator
- Replicate inside phagolysosome
- Undulant fever
- Transmitted via inhalation and goat milk
- Bacteria infect organs rich in erythritol, such as animal breast, uterus, epididymus, placenta
- Shed in high amts in milk, urine and birth products
- Osteomyelitis is most common complication
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Term
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Definition
- Gram - bacillococci
- Facultative anaerobe
- Bipolar staining
- Catalase + Oxidase +
- Transmission by animal bite
- Acute cellulitis treated with penicillin
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Term
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Definition
- Gram - diplococci
- Catalase + Oxidase +
- NOT fastidious (as opposed to Neisseria)
- Otitis media
- Tracheobronchitis/Bronchopneumonia in pts with chronic pulmonary disease
- 95% beta-lactamase producers
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Term
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Definition
- Gram - rod
- Aquatic environment
- Gastroenteritis, wound infection, sepsis
- Transmission by ingestion/exposure to contaminated water/food
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Term
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Definition
- Gram - rods
- Motile (as oppose to Shigella)
- Aquatic reservoir
- Inflammatory diarrhea
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Term
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Definition
- Gram - rod
- Fastidious
- Facultative intracellular
- Cat Scratch disease - chronic regional lymphadenopathy
- Bacillary angiomatosis - Proliferative vasculature in skin and lymph node or
- Peliosis hepatis - liver or spleen
- Subacute endocarditis
- Treat with rifampin, azithromycin, quinolone
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Term
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Definition
- Gram negative rods
- Undulant/Trench fever - recurrant 5 days
- Transmission by body louse
- Bacillary angiomatosis
- Subacute endocarditis
- Azithromycin, quinolone, doxycycline
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Term
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Definition
- Gram negative
- Transmission by sand fly
- Oroya fever
- Verruga
- Bartonellosis
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Term
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Definition
- Gram positive rods
- Non-motile
- Anaerobic but tolerant
- Found in soil and native flora
- α, β, θ Exotoxins
- Endospore
- Transmission by ingestion, traumatic entry, or inoculation of ischemic tissue
- Cellulitis, gastroenteritis, enteritis necrotican (pig-bel), gas gangrene
- Metronidazole
- Type A - gastroenteritis; Type C - pig-bel
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Term
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Definition
- Gram positive rods
- Produce endospores
- Vegetative cells extremely sensitive to O2
- Toxin A & Toxin B
- Antibiotic mediated (CACA)
- Self-limiting diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis
- Vancomycin and Metronidazole
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Term
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Definition
- Gram positive rods
- Endospores: terminal spore (drumstick appearance)
- Neurotoxin (Tetanospasmin)
- GABA inactivation
- Spastic paralysis (tetanus)
- Lockjaw, risus sardonicus, opisthotonos
- General, localised, cephalic, and neonatal forms
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Term
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Definition
- Gram positive rod
- α toxin
- Myonecrosis and neutopenic colitis
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Term
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Definition
- Gram positive
- Anaerobic
- Highly resistant endospores
- Group I - proteolytic, saccharolytic
- Group II - nonproteolytic, saccharolytic
- Neurotoxin (Botulinum toxin)
- Zinc endopeptidase
- Flaccid paralysis
- Food botulism, wound botulism, infant botulism (from honey)
- Gastric lavage + metronidazole or penicillin
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Term
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Definition
- No peptidoglycan
- Strict intracellular
- Human reservoir; no animal reservoirs
- Atypical pneumonia
- Associated with artherosclerosis
- Transmission of EB by aerosol
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Term
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Definition
- Gram negative anaerobe
- Most common cause of anaerobic infections
- Peritonitis, female genital tract, intra-abdominal abcess, bacteremia
- Normal flora
- Metronidazole (many beta-lactam resistant)
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Term
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Definition
- Gram negative spirochete
- Microaerophilic
- Vector transmission by hard tick (Ixodes)
- Erythema migrans/Bull's eye rash
- Arthritis, cardiovascular dysfunction
- Neurological signs: facial nerve palsy
- Treat with doxycycline, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, amoxicillin
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Term
| Prevotella melaninogenica |
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Definition
- Gram negative anaerobe
- Black colonies on blood agar
- Transmission by human bite
- Normal flora in mouth, upper alimentary tract, respiratory tract
- Dental and sinus, pulmonary infections, abcesses
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Term
| Treponema pallidum pallidum |
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Definition
- Gram negative spirochete
- Special microscopy
- Transplacental and direct sexual contact transmission
- Primary phase : painless chancre
- Secondary phase: Disseminated, rash, condyloma lata, gummas
- Latent phase
- Tertiary phase: CNS, aortitis, ascending aortic aneurysm
- Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction
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Term
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Definition
- Gram negative spirochete
- Microaerophilic
- Humans-only host
- Intracellular growth
- Endemic louse-born
- Single-relapse fever
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Term
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Definition
- Gram negative spirochete
- Microaerophilic
- Soft tick transmission
- Repeated relapse fever
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Term
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Definition
- Gram negative spirochete
- Obligate aerobe
- Hooked end
- Found in urine contaminated water or exposure to infected animals
- Anicteric leptospirosis
- Icteric leptospirosos: jaundice, hemorrhage, kidney failure, myocarditis
- Treat with ceftriaxone, doxycycline
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Term
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Definition
- Gram negative-like
- No peptidoglycan
- Strictly intracellular
- Serovars A-C trachomas lead to blindness
- Serovars D-K lead to STD
- Serovars L1-3 lead to LGV
- EB and RB
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Term
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Definition
- No peptidoglycan
- Strict intracellular
- Bird reservoir (especially parrots)
- Ornithosis
- Atypical pneumonia
- Transmission by bite or inhalation
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Term
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Definition
- Gram positive cocci
- Catalase positive
- Staphylokinase
- Coagulase positive
- Salt tolerant
- Protein A, β-haemolytic
- TSST-1
- Exfoliative toxin - Scalded Skin Syndrome
- Rapid acting food poisoning
- Mainly skin infections
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Term
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Definition
- Gram positive cocci
- Catalase positive coagulase negative
- Biofilm
- UTI, catheter and shunt infections
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Term
| Staphylococcus saprophyticus |
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Definition
- Gram positive cocci
- Coagulase negative Catalase positive
- Novobiocin resistant
- Normal flora in lower urinary tract
- Community acquired UTI
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Term
| Mycobacteria tuberculosis |
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Definition
- Gram positive cytology
- Mycolic acid outer membrane
- Strongly acid-fast
- Cord factor
- Obligate aerobe
- Produces Niacin, reduces nitrate
- Facultative intracellular
- Haemoptysis
- Transmission by aerosol
- Wall glycolipids
- Langhan's giant cells and Ghon complex
- Military dissemination
- RIPES
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Term
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Definition
- Gram positive cytology
- Aerobe, intracellular
- Strongly acid-fast
- Does not grow on media
- Nasal secretion transmission
- No niacin production
- TL and LL
- Rifampin and Dapsone
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Term
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Definition
- Gram positive filament
- Anaerobic
- Sulphur granules
- Normal flora -- endogenous
- Cervicofacial, thoracic, abdominal abcess/infection, genital infection, CNS infection
- Penicillin
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Term
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Definition
- Gram positive filament
- Aerobic
- Weakly acid-fast
- Aeral hyphae
- Exogenous
- Cord factor
- Bronchopulmonary, cutaneous infections
- CNS and kidney abcess
- SMZ-TMP
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Term
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Definition
- No cell wall
- Mulberry-like colonies
- Obligate aerobe
- Infect young adults 5-15yo
- Cold agglutinin test positive
- P1 protein
- Atypical pneumonia (walking), tracheobronchitis
- Otitis, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
- Doxycycline and azithromycin
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Term
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Definition
- No cell wall
- Prefers aerobic conditions
- Fried egg colony
- PID, pyelonephritis
- Doxycycline and floroquinolones
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Term
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Definition
- No cell wall
- Fried-egg colony
- NGU
- Doxycycline or quinolone
- Prefers anaerobic growth
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Term
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Definition
- No cell wall
- Urease positive
- NGU, perinatal and postpartum sepsis
- Urinary calculi, urethroprostatis, epididymitis
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Term
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Definition
- Gram negavtive bacillococci
- Obligate intracellular pathogen replicate in cytoplasm
- Transmission by hard ticks, perpetuated by transovarian transmission
- Infect endothelial cells
- Hypovolemia, hypoproteinemia
- RMSP: centripedal macular rash
- Doxycycline
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Term
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Definition
- Gram negative bacillococci
- Strict intracellular
- Smallpox-like rash
- Mite transmission
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Term
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Definition
- Gram negative bacillococci
- Obligate intracellular
- Endemic typhus transmitted by louse
- Human reservoir
- Infect endothelial cells
- Macular centrifugal rash
- Treat with doxycycline
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Term
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Definition
- Gram negative bacillococci
- Flea transmission
- Murine endemic typhus
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Term
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Definition
- Gram negative cytology
- No LPS/polysaccharide
- Obligate intracellular pathogen of human monocyte
- Elementary bodies and Reticulate bodies
- Transmitted by Lone Star Tick
- Immune system responsible for most damages
- Late onset rash in 30-40%
- Morula growth in phagosome prevent fusion with lysosome
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Term
| Anaplasma phagocytophilum |
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Definition
- Gram negative cytology
- No polysaccharide/LPS
- Transmission by Ixodes tick
- Obligate intracellular pathogen of myeloid precursors (neutrophils)
- Late onset rash in >10%
- Treat with doxycycline
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Term
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Definition
- Gram negative pleomorphic bacillus
- Small cell variant and Large Cell Variant
- Transmission by inhalation or ingestion
- Obligate intracellular replication in phagolysosome
- Acute: Phase II antibody and atypical pneumonia, no rash
- Chronic: Phase I and II antibody, subacute endocarditis
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