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| Agricultural microbiology |
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| Plant disease & pesticide |
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| Genetically modified to solve problems in an industrial setting. |
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| Food & Dairy Microbiology |
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| Vaccines & disease reporting |
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| Bacteria living in soil and rocks |
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| Human uses for microorganisms |
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| Baker's yeast, cheeses, moldy bread on wounds, biotechnology & bioremediation |
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| Create new products and genetically modified organisms (GMOs) |
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| Recombinant DNA technology |
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| Allows microbes to be engineered to synthesize desirable proteins (drugs,hormones,enzymes, vaccines) |
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| Introducing microbes in to the environment to restore stability or clean up toxic pollutants. (Oil & chemical spills, water & sewage treatment) |
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| Prokaryotes. Peptidoglycan cell wall. Reproduce via binary fission. |
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| Binary fission and move via flagella. Lack peptidoglycan. Many live in extreme conditions. |
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| Single & multicellular. Algae, fungi, protozoa, helminthes, & insects. |
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| Single or multi celled. Contain chlorophyll. Rigid cell wall & move via flagella. |
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| Single-celled yeasts to multicellular molds & mushrooms. Mostly on land. Rigid cell walls but not motile. Get nutrients from dead organic sources. |
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| Simple cells w/ no nucleus. Rigid cell wall and single-celled. BACTERIA |
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| More complex structurally than prokaryotes. True nucleus and can be multicellular. May or may not have cell walls. |
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| Not independent, simple cells. Depend on infected cell's machinery to multiply. |
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| Smaller than viruses. Single, short piece of RNA w/o protective coat. Only causes disease in plants. |
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| Small protein w/o protective coat. Responsible for neurodegenerative disease in humans & animals (mad cow). Smallest infectious particle. |
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| Earliest record of microbes in the 1660s. Using a crude microscope coined the term "cells". |
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| Created the single-lens microscope. He observed and drew first bacteria and protozoa in 1676. "Father of Bacteriology & Protozoology". |
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| 1867 Introduced aseptic technique |
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| 1822-1895 Father of Microbiology. Disproved spontaneous generation, invented pasteurization, invented anthrax vaccine for animals, proposed viruses. |
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| 1843-1910 Koch's postulates; proofs that could be used to determine whether an organism was pathogenic. Confirmed anthrax was caused by Bacillus anthracis. |
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| 1796 Introduced vaccine for smallpox using cowpox virus. Coined the term "vaccine". Started the field of Immunology. |
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| 1854 Founded the first Nursing school |
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| 1929 Discovered penicillin |
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| James Watson & Francis Crick |
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| 1953 Discovered DNA structure |
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| 1954 Developed polio vaccine-injectable |
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| Luc Montagnier & Robert Gallo |
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| 1983 Isolated & characterized HIV |
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| 1983 Developed polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Allows copies of genetic material. |
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