Term
| What is the diff between autotrophs and heterotrophs? |
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Definition
| -Auto use CO2 as sole carbon source, hetero use organic carbon (glucose) |
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Term
| What are the basic AAs that bac. start with before making all the others? |
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Definition
-Both glu's, both asp's, and ala
-Glutamate, glutamine, aspartate, asparagine, alanine
-Glu & Gln, Asp & Asn, Ala (for abrv.) |
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Term
| Go through the gradations of aerobicity and what they mean, and wether they do or don't have catalase and SOD? Where are they in a test tube culture? |
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Definition
Aerobe;
-Needs O2 and has enzymes
-At the top
(Obligate) anaerobe;
-Killed by O2 and doesn't have enzymes
-At the bottom
Facultative anaerobe;
-Fermentation or aerobic, has enzymes
-Mostly top, but throughout as well
Aerotolerant anaerobe;
-Anaerobic, but not killed by O2, may have enzymes
-Throughout
Microaerophile;
-Needs O2 in low levels, has low level of enzymes
-Concentrated a short distance from top (but not at it) |
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Term
| What are the two main enzymes bac use to get rid of oxygen radicals? |
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Definition
-Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase combo is most common
-Peroxidase is also able to deal with H2O2 (like catalase)
-Remember, patients with CGD can't deal with catalase positive organisms, (myeloperoxidase can use H2O2) |
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Term
| What is the symbol for reduction potential? What is it's significance when considering aerobes/anaerobes? |
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Definition
-The symbol is Eh
-Aerobes will have a positive Eh (around +0.3volt)
-Anaerobes will have a negative Eh (around -0.2volt) |
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Term
| What are the three common divisions of bacteria based on preferred temperature? |
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Definition
-Psychrophile (5-15)
-Mesophile (20-45)
-Thermophile (45-120)
-All are in °C |
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Term
| What is the group translocation system for sugars? |
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Definition
-It is a form of active transport that couples phosphorylation of a sugar to it's import
-The process starts with **PEP with the energy gained in the transfer of phosphate from PEP to the sugar being used to drive transport
-Multiple proteins are involved in the exchange
-The other forms are just the simple active, passive, facilitated, etc. |
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Term
| What is the difference between shock sensitive and insensitive active transport? |
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Definition
-The shock sensitive one uses ATP (in gram-)
-The other uses proton motive force |
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Term
| What is the equation for cell population with log growth? How do we find n if need be? |
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Definition
b = a x 2^n
-To find n we take the log of both sides remembering that log(a x b) = log(a) + lob(b) and that log(2^n) = nlog(2) |
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Term
| What is the symbol he is using for generation time? |
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Definition
tg
-tg is just the doubling time and can be found by dividing the time elapsed by the generations (tg = t/n) |
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Term
| What is glycolysis called in bacteria? What products do we get? |
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Definition
-The Embden Meyerhof-Parnas pathway (remember that EMP makes energy lol)
-The norm; 2ATP, 2NADH, 2Pyr, 2H+ |
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Term
| What is anaerobic respiration exactly and how does it compare to fermentation? |
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Definition
-It is when oxygen is given to a terminal electron acceptor other than O2 (such as nitrate, sulfate, and CO2)
-It produces more ATP than fermentation |
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