Term
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Definition
| The growth of a microorganism in the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| An abnormal state in which part or all of the body is not properly adjusted or is incapable of performing normal functions; any change from a state of health. |
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Term
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Definition
| A disease in which pathogens invade a susceptible host and carry out at least part of their life cycle in the host. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to cause a disease by overcoming the defenses of the host. |
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Term
| Virulence (virulent, avirulent) |
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Definition
| The degreee of pathogenicity of a microorganism. |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of the cause of a disease. |
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Term
| Normal Microbiota (normal flora) |
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Definition
| The microorganisms that colonize a host without causing disease |
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Term
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Definition
| The microorganisms that are present in an animal for a short time without causing a disease. |
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Term
| Microbial Antagonism (competitive exclusion) |
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Definition
| Growth of some microbes prevents the growth of other microbes. |
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Term
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Definition
| The living together of two different organisms or populations. |
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Term
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Definition
| Microorganisms that do not ordinarily cause a disease, but become pathogenic under certain circumstances. |
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Term
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Definition
I. the same pathogen must be present in every case of the disease.
II. the pathogen must be isolated from the diseased host in pure culture
III. the pathogen must cause the same disease in a susceptible test animal.
IV. the pathogen must be re-isolated from the test animal and documented as the same organism. |
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Term
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Definition
| A change in body function that is felt by a patient as a result of a disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| A change due to a disease that a person can observe and measure |
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Term
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Definition
| A specific group of signs or symptoms that accompany a disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any disease that can be spread from one host to another. |
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Term
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Definition
| A disease that is easily spread from one person to another. |
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Term
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Definition
| A disease that is not transmitted from one person to another. |
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Term
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Definition
| Unusually large number of cases in short period of time |
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Term
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Definition
| a disease present constantly in a community in relatively stable numbers |
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Term
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Definition
| an epidemic of world-wide occurence |
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Term
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Definition
| a disease that occurs as occasional cases |
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Term
| Disease- Acute, chronic, subacute, latent |
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Definition
Acute Disease- a disease in which symptoms develop rapidly but last for only a short time.
Chronic disease- A disease that develops slowly and is likely to continue or recur for long periods.
Subacute Disease-
Latent Disease |
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Term
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Definition
| The presence of immunity in most of a population |
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Term
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Definition
| An infection in which pathogens are limited to a small area of the body. |
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Term
| Systemic (generalized) Infection |
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Definition
| An infection throughout the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| A systemic infection that began as an infection in one place. |
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Term
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Definition
| A condition in which there are bacteria in the blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| The proliferation of pathogens in the blood, accompanied by fever; sometimes causes organ damage. |
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Term
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Definition
| The presence of toxins in the blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| The presence of viruses in the blood. |
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Term
| Primary Infection/Secondary Infection |
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Definition
An acute infection that causes the initial illness.
An infection caused by an opportunistic microbe after a primary infection has weakened the host's defenses. |
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Term
| Inapparent or Subclinical Infection |
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Definition
| An infection that does not cause noticeable illness. |
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Term
| Predisposing Factors for Infectious Disease: Compromised Host |
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Definition
| age, genetic background, gender, pre-existing illness, nutrition, fatigue, lifestyle or occupation, chemotherapy, stress, habits |
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Term
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Definition
1. Contact- contact w/pathogen at successful portal of entry in sufficient numbers.
2. Incubation- time between contact and onset of symptoms.
3. Prodromal- brief period of nospecific signs and symptoms.
4. Acute- period of illness and specific signs and symptoms
5. Decline- decline of signs and symptoms- crisis or lysis.
6. Convalescence- period of recovery. |
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Term
| Reservoirs of Infection: Source of Organism for Infection (where?) |
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Definition
1. Human- carriers either symptomatic or asymptomatic (AIDS, syphilis, Herpes, typhoid fever, hepatitis)
2. Animals- domestic or wild- zoonosis, anthrax, Rocky Mt. Spotted Fever, Lyme disease, rabies
3. Non-Living- Soil & Water- ringworm, botulism, tetanus, Legionellosis |
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Term
| Methods of Disease Transmission (How?) |
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Definition
1. Contact- direct contact, indirect contact (fomite transmission), droplet (short distance- influenza, whooping cough)
2. Vehicle- waterborne, foodborne, airborne (longer distance >1 meter- tuburculosis, staphylococci, histoplasmosis)
3. Vectors- mechanical(passive transport), biological (active process- bites) |
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Term
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Definition
Infections acquired as a result of a hospital stay. 5-15% risk, approx. 2 million people in the US develop nosocomial infection per year with nearly 90,000 deaths.
3 contributing factors: microorganisms in the hospital environment, compromised hosts, chain of transimission |
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Term
| Emerging Infectious Disease (EID) |
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Definition
| A new or changing disease that is increasing or has the potential to increase in incidence in the near future. |
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Term
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Definition
| The science that studies when and where diseases occur and how they are transmitted. |
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Term
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Definition
| A disease that physicians must report to the US Public Health Service; also called a reportable disease. |
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