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| There are an estimated ____ species of fungi and ____ have been linked to disease in animals. |
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| The most common and destructive of all plant pathogens. |
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| True fungal pathogens or opportunistic pathogens that take advantage of weak host resistance. |
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| Can invade and grow in a healthy animal host unlike most fungi that are inhibited by high temps and low oxygen tension. |
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| The most prominent adaptation being able to switch from molds at 30c to yeast at 37c. |
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| Not invasive, can grow when inoculated into skin wounds. Ringworm and athletes foot. |
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| Dermatophytes and candida |
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Definition
| Naturally inhabit the human body and are transmissible. Need a host to complete the life cycle. Most infections are from random exposure like air dust or soil. |
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| _____ is not effective against fungal infections. |
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| Type and level of infection and degree of pathogenicity. |
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| Caused by true fungal pathogens, fungal spores are inhaled into lower respiratory tract, they germinate into yeast like cells in the lungs that produces a pulmonary infection |
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| Most common true pathogen |
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Definition
| Histoplasma capsulatum agent of histoplasmosis |
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| Also called darlings disease was not described till 1905 by Dr. Samuel darling. Results in lesions in major organs. Most severe forms occur in defective immune system people.primary drug used is amphotericin B. |
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| On all continents except Austrailia. Dimorphic, below 35c has white or brown hairlike mycelium, at 37c has white creamy textured colony. |
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| Agent of coccidiomycosis. Probably been in the soil for millions of years but has recentlybeen exposed to humans. Dimorphic and produces a moist white to brown colony with abundant branching hyphae at 25c. The parasitic stage produce arthrospores at 37-40c in a spherical cell called a spherule that swells and cleaves internally to form numerous endospores. |
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| Primary drug used Amphotericin B. Caused by inhalation of the lightweight arthrospores that convert to spherules in the lungs that swell and burst releasing many spores to continue infection. Pulmonary infection is not apparent in about 60%. The other 40% have cold like symptoms. |
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| Modular growths in chronic progressive pulmonary disease in the lung cavities. 5 of each thousand cases the disease progresses. |
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| Agent of blastomycosis. Dimorphic, mycelial phase is a uniform white to tan colony of thin septate mycelia. Temp changes produce yeasts with buds that are nearly as large as the parent cell. |
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| Humans, dogs, cats, and horses are the primary host. Primary entry is the respiratory tract. Inhalation of a few spores cause infection. Chronic cases can progress to lungs, skin, and other organs. Often mistaken for cancer. Disseminated infections were once almost 100% fatal until now. Drug of choice amphotericin B. |
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| Paracoccidioides brasiliensis |
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Definition
| Agent of paracoccidiomycosis. The least common of primary mycoses because of limited distribution. Diphormic that forms small nondescript colonies with spores at room temp. Developes unusual yeast form at 37c. Large round mother cell with small narrow necked buds sprouted from mother cell like a chip steering wheel. Common victim is ag workers and plant harvesters. Infections occur in the lungs and skin. |
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