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| the study of tiny life; micro organism |
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| What impacts does bacteria have on our life? |
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Definition
| they can eat oil, help us digest food, cause disease/illness, kills plants/animals |
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Term
Carbohydrates:
made of?
how they are bonded?
functions? |
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Definition
sacchrides
glycosidic linkage
cell wall, cell to cell receptors, short term E, cell support |
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Lipids:
made of?
bond?
function? |
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Definition
phos- and glycolipids
ester linkage
cell membrane, long term storage, hormones
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Proteins
made of?
bond?
function? |
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Definition
Amino Acids
peptide linkage
E storage, structure, cell membrane, homones, protection, enzymes
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Nucleic Acids
made of?
bond?
function? |
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Definition
DNA & RNA
nucleotides
phosphodiester linkage
genes & RNA |
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Definition
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Definition
repel acidic; cling to slide
presence of a capsule? |
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Definition
gram +/-
Acid-fast
flagella
endospore |
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Microscope:
steromicrocope
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Definition
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Definition
Using a light source
bright or dark field |
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Microscope:
Phase Contrast |
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Definition
living subject
by room light/ light source |
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Definition
Differential Interface Contrast
3d image |
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Transmission: internal
Scanning: surface
using e- beam |
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Microscope:
Scanning Tunneling
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detailed surface
using metal probe |
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Definition
Cocci- round
Bacillus- rod
spirilla - spiral
staphylo- grape
strepto- line |
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Whose metabolic rate is faster?
pro or eukaryote |
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Definition
Prokaryote!!!
the smaller surface to volume ratio |
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Term
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Definition
outer sugar layer
polysachrides + glycoproteins
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Term
Glycocalyx:
Capsule
Slime Layer
S-Layer |
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Definition
Capsule: keeps cell from drying out
prevents phagocytosis
Slime Layer: immunity
adherence
S-Layer: protects from environment
iron or pH change |
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Term
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Definition
made up of flagellin protien
main tool for mobility
mono- one
lopho- one group
amphi- opposite sides
peri- all around |
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Definition
on spirilla shaped cells,
like a spring,
used for movement |
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Definition
made up pilin proteins
cell to other bacteria cells |
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Definition
made up of pilin proteins
many and short
cell to host attachment, allowing to release toxin |
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Term
Peptidoglycan:
what is it built of?
what does it make up? |
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Definition
cell wall
made up of N-acetylmuramic acid (nam)
N-acetylglucosamic acid (nag)
Cross Bridges:
A or D alanine
D glutamic acid
lysine (gram +)
DAP (gram -)
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| How does penicillan affect the cell wall? |
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Definition
| prevents transpeptidation of the amino acids of the cross bridge |
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| How does our enzyme lysosomes affect the cell wall? |
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Definition
breaks the sugar backbone.
breaks apart the nam and nag sugars |
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Definition
90% peptidoglycan
teichoic and lipoteichoic acids- hold membrane to wall, receptors
wall proteins |
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Definition
10% peptidoglycan
LPS (lipopolysachride layer)
Periplasm- between membranes
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Term
| in gram - cells there is an endotoxin, what is it? |
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Definition
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No E
High to Low
transport protein |
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Definition
E
transport protein
low to high |
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Definition
Need E
cells release an enzyme which modifies the molecule so it can pass through proteins |
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Definition
| improve structure or membrane; such as chlosterol in Eukaryotes |
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Definition
H2O gel
Nucleic Region-houses circular dna
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protein synthesis
drugs usually kill this |
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Definition
| outer shell built when the cell feels it is not in an environment condusive to growing/functioning |
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Definition
| amino acids and sugars are built by the metabolism, assembled into peptidoglycan, then autolysins poke holes in wall, allowing peptidoglycan to move in |
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Definition
thick waxy outer layer
very slow growing
mycolic acids ( lipids) dont allow chemicals in |
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Definition
no cell wall
very suseptable to H20
having pumping mechanisms to keep isotonic |
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Definition
creation of E (ATP)
oxidized- loosing H+
Reduced- gaining H+ |
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Definition
| adding an inorganic phosphate to a molecule |
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Definition
| bigger cells engolfed little cells. we think this because mitochondria and chloroplasts both have dna, both have ribosomes, both affected by drugs, undergo translocation |
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metabolism
means?
2 parts? |
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Definition
to change
catabolism- breakdown, release E
anabolism- putting together, need E |
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Term
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Definition
Entry
Catabolic Reactions- breakdown
Biosynthesis- putting together monomers
Polymerization- making into polymers
Assemly- making into final product |
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Need O2
create most energy
O is the receptor off the ETC |
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NO O2
nonorganic molecules is the receptor off the ETC |
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releases C02
4 atp released |
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Definition
| stop ETC by not allowing e- flow |
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Definition
| poke holes through membrane, allowing H+ in too soon causing no E to be made |
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| Where are the lipoproteins found? |
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Definition
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Definition
| bond which forms and produces H20 |
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Definition
| breaking a bond, requiring an H20 molecule |
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| Does a phase contrast microscope use stains? |
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Definition
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| If your trying to identify a mycoplasma what stain wouldnt you use? |
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Definition
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