Term
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Definition
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Term
| Type I hypersensitivity is Ig__ mediated |
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Definition
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Term
| Sensitization to allergic responses occurs with how many exposures? How does this happen? |
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Definition
| 1 (2nd exposure leads to allergic reaction)-- class switches to IgA and IgE ... IgE's long Fc region can attach to mast cells |
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Term
| How does an allergic reaction happen? |
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Definition
| Allergen binds to TWO IgE receptors simultaneously (because there's so many IgE's, this can happen readily), Triggers mast cells to degranulate and release histamine, prostaglandin, and cytokines |
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Term
| Why am I allergic to ____ and you're not? |
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Definition
| I have more B cells that switched to IgE and more mast cells |
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Term
| HOw can a person be desensitized to an allergen? |
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Definition
| If you are injected with the allergen in gradually increasing doses of serum B cells to produce IgG, so that the IgG can outcompete the IgE :: OR be injected with anti-IgE antibodies against the Fc region of IgE (rhuMab) |
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Term
| Why can't asthma be treated with anti-histamines? |
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Definition
| it is mediated by leukotriene and prostaglandin, not histamine |
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Term
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Definition
| kill cells that present a foreign antigen - Type II HS |
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Term
| How do type II hypersensitivities work? |
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Definition
| Antibody mediated via complement or NK cells... when ;a small molecule (hapten) binds to the cell surface, or when non-self surface proteins are introduced into the blood (through transfusion) |
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Term
| Penicillin allergy is actually a Type __ response |
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Definition
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Term
| penicillin allergy and hemolytic disaese of the newborn are both type __ hs |
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Definition
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Term
| Type ___ HS is an immune complex (antibody-antigen complex) disease |
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Definition
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Term
| Type ___ HS is mediated by Ab/Ag agglutination |
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Definition
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Term
| In a type III HS, why is having excess antigen advantageous? |
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Definition
| forms smaller complexes, which makes it harder to phagocytize |
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Term
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Definition
1. excess antigens form complexes with antibodies
2. complement activated, so basophils degranulate and increase vascular permeability
3. complexes circulate and are trapped in the basement membrane of blood vessels
4. activated complement attracts neutrophils and causes them to degranulate
5. neutrophils release enzymes responsible for much of the tissue damage |
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Term
| Type __ HS is cell mediated or delayed, because? |
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Definition
| IV, mediated by Th cells and macrophages, response in days, not minutes |
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Term
| Similarity between Type I and Type IV HS? |
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Definition
| Sensitization occurs with 1st exposure, 2nd exposure leads to a reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| poison ivy, tissue rejection, TB test |
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Term
| How do anti-rejection drugs alter immune response? |
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Definition
| Cyclosporin - inhibits clonal expansion of T cells :: Corticosteroids reduce inflammation that cause tissue damage :: basiliximab blocks IL2 binding to T cels so prevents activation of T cells by Th cells |
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Term
| Problem with anti-rejection drugs |
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Definition
| causes patient to become immunocompromised |
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Term
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Definition
| reaction to self antigens -- body makes antibodies against self antigens |
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Term
| B cells recognize acCH receptors and IgG neutralizes these receptors so that muscles can't contract (because ac CH cant bind to their receptors) -- ptosis is a symptom |
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Definition
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Term
| TCR on Tc cells recognize and destroy B islet cells in pancreas so that they cant produce insulin |
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Definition
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Term
| Th cells recognize collagen in joins -- produce cytokines which cause inflammation, activate B ells that may also recognize collagen, immune complexes form |
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Definition
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Term
| B cells recognize own DNA and form IgG complexes throughout the body expecially in the capillaries |
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Definition
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Term
| B cells recognize TSH receptors and antibodies mimic TSH to overstimulate thyroid -- proptosis and goiter |
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Definition
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Term
| Failure to produce one or more components of the immune system |
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Definition
| immunodeficiency diseases |
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Term
| Primary immunodeficiency diseases |
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Definition
| genetically inherited :: SCID - stem cells dont do VDJ joining = no B or T cells :: Agammaglobulinemia - no b cells :: DiGeorge syndrome - no thumus = no T cells :: selective IgA deficiency - most common (1:500) |
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Term
| Acquired immunodeficiency diseases |
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Definition
| caused by infection :: measles - virus grows in T cells and weakens cellular immunity :: Multiple myotoma - B cell cancer... B cells proliferate at the expense of others :: HIV - virus slowly destroys Th cells |
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Term
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Definition
| cause disease in a normal host |
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Term
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Definition
| take advantage of immunocompromization, commonly present in native flora |
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Term
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Definition
| too few pathogens (below infectious dose), not highly virulent |
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Term
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Definition
| causes signs and symptoms |
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Term
| difference between signs and symptoms |
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Definition
| signs - apparent upon examination (something a vet uses) ... symptoms - things a patient reports |
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Term
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Definition
| pathogen does not want to kill its host before the pathogen can replicate and spread to a new host -- the best pathogens don't just kill their host quickly (ex: myxomatosis virus in rabbits)b |
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Term
| acute illness caused by pathogens in blood |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of disease is characterized by an incubation period, illness, convalenscence, latnet period, and recurrant illness? |
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Definition
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Term
| STOPPED AT KOCH'S POSTULATE |
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Definition
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