Term
| What is the specific function of nitrogen fixers? |
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Definition
| To convert atmospheric Nitrogen to ammonia, a form usable to other organisms |
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Term
| Where might you find a symbiotic nitrogen fixer? |
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Definition
| In the root nodules of legumes. (clover) |
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Term
| The winogradsky column is used to demonstrate what cycle? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name one population of microbes that you might find in the Winogradsky column and where they might be found. |
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Definition
Anaerobic Chemoorganoheterotrphs- found in the black zone (at the bottom of the column)
Oxygenic Photolithoautotrophs (Cyanobacteria)- top water level
Anoxygenic Photolithoautotrophs(purple and green sulfur bacteria) → Found in the red and green zone (below rust zone)
Anoxygenic Photoorganoheterotrophs (purple and Green non sulfur bacteria) → Found in rust colored zone
Aerobic Chemolithoautotrophs → Found in the O2 dominated mud (below H2O) |
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Term
| The light shining on the Winogradsky columns are to benefit which populations of microbes in the column? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do MUG plates tell people about water samples? |
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Definition
| If there are fecal coliforms in the water |
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Term
| The "vaccine" had 90% efficacy. Therefore, if 20 students are vaccinated, how many will develop immunity? |
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Definition
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Term
| The influenza we are using has an attack rate of 50%. If 24 unvaccinated students are exposed to the virus, how many will get influenza? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Herd immunity occurs when a large enough percentage of the population is immunized that the non-immunized are protected. Essentially, those who are not immunized will not come in contact with the pathogen because everyone else can't. |
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Term
| You count 25 plaques on your plate labled 10^-7. What is the titer/mL of the original phage sample? |
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Definition
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Term
| A plate made with .1 mL of a 10^-3 dilution of soil has 48 colonies on it. How many microbes per gram were in the original gram of soil? |
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Definition
| 48 x (1/10^-3) x 0.1 mL = 4800 CFU/gram soil |
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Term
| What does EMB select for? |
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Definition
| Gram negative bacteria that can either ferment lactose or not. |
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Term
| What does Hektoen select for? |
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Definition
| Salmonella and Shigella. Contains indicators of lactose fermentation and H2S production. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between an antiseptic and a disinfectant? |
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Definition
| Antiseptics are applied to living tissues or skin to help reduce the chance of being infected. Disinfectants are applied to non living tissue to destroy microorganisms. |
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Term
| What does a positive reaction on an MSA plate look like? What can it identify? |
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Definition
| S.A. and S.E. (kind of.). Yellow means it ferments mannitol (SA). |
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Term
| What does a positive catalase test look like? What should SA read as? |
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Definition
| Bubbles, Hydrogen peroxide reaction. SA is catalase positive! |
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Term
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Definition
| A substance, such as penicillin or streptomycin, produced by or derived from certain fungi, bacteria, and other organisms, that can destroy or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms |
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Term
| What is the function of a Kirby Bauer test? |
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Definition
| To determine whether or not certain bacteria are susceptible or resistant to a specific antibiotic. |
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Term
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Definition
| a virus that infects bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| A visible clearing on the plate resulting from the lysis of bacterial cells by phage. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| what rhizobium becomes when it is actively fixing nitrogen. |
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Term
| Actinomyces Isolation Agar |
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Definition
| growth with brown. gram positive branched rod. |
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Term
| Plate Count Variable for Soil lab |
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Definition
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Term
| Water lab broths and media |
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Definition
Lactose Broth- positive=yellow and gas
BGLBB- confirms presence of coliforms. gas production.
EMB Agar- brilliant green sheen? e coli?
MUG agar- flourescence? e coli. |
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Term
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Definition
coliform count- TG
go to MPN table with 3 numbers
multiply by the inverse of the middle dilution.
multiply by 100 for 100mL |
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Term
| Hektoen Agar is selective for? |
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Definition
| Salmonella and Shigella. High bile salts |
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Term
| What are the four steps in Koch's Postulates? |
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Definition
1. Found in organisms that have disease, not healthy ones.
2. Isolate it an grown in its own culture.
3. Re-introduce and infect an uninfected organism.
4. Re-isolate the same culture. |
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Term
| What are the two bacteria in our yogurt lab? |
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Definition
| Lactobacillus bulgarius and streptococcus thermophillus |
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Term
| Three results for Blood Agar plates in SA lab? |
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Definition
alpha-hemolysis: partial lysis of RBC (greenish)
beta-hemolysis: complete lysis of RBC (clearing)
non: growth |
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Term
| Big differences between SA and SE. |
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Definition
SA: B-hemolytic, coagulase +
SE: A-hemolytic, coagulase - |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| percent vaccinated that become immune to disease |
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Term
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Definition
| percent that develop disease that are exposed to disease |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| # new cases/population at risk |
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Term
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Definition
| # total cases/pop at risk |
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Term
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Definition
| mutations in genes for spike |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| taking up free DNA by competent bacteria. |
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Term
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Definition
Test for antibodies with known antigen.
1. Add antigen.
2. Block with nonspecific protein
3. Add patient's sample.
4. Add a second antibody against 1st antibody.
5. Add substrate to show color change. |
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Term
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Definition
| Test for antigen with known antibodies. 1. Add antibodies 2. Block with nonspecific proteins 3. Add patient's sample 4. Add second antibody to bind with first. 5. Add substrate. |
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Term
| What does ELISA stand for? |
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Definition
| Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay |
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