Term
| Acid-fast bacteria are identified by what staining technique |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Spirochetes contain which morphological trait |
|
Definition
| axial filaments (endoflagella) |
|
|
Term
| Corynebacterium diptheriae |
|
Definition
Gram +
Rod or Club shape
humans the only resevoir |
|
|
Term
| Diptheria method of disease |
|
Definition
diptheria toxin
A-B toxin
A- to cytosol
B- att. to vesicle membrane |
|
|
Term
| How Diptheria A-B toxin functions |
|
Definition
ADP-ribosylation of EF-2
Inactivates EF-2
Inhibiting Protein Synthesis |
|
|
Term
| Domains of diptheria toxin |
|
Definition
A- catalytic domain
B- binding domain
B- transport domain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
adhesins att. to ciliated epi cells
pertusis toxin has 5 segments
-2,5 binding
-1 ADP-ribosylation |
|
|
Term
| pertussis ADP-ribosylation |
|
Definition
modifies adenylate cyclase
increased cAMP
inhibits neutrophile production |
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|
Term
| Streptococci and Staphylcocci |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which bacteria is positive for the catalase test |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Colonization of streptococci
colonization of staphylcocci |
|
Definition
string of pearls
cluster of grapes |
|
|
Term
| Which bacteria is positive for the coagulase test |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Toxin of staphylcocci which can spread to whole body, via bloodstream |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is toxic shock syndrome caused |
|
Definition
super-antigen
staph aureus toxin
Activates many many T/B cells
Increases IL-2 + TNF-a = SHOCK |
|
|
Term
| perioral erythema is characterized by what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does staph cause food poisoning |
|
Definition
Although the bact is killed by heat
Toxin is heat labile, and survives |
|
|
Term
| Besides having toxin, what is a virulence factor of staph aureus |
|
Definition
Protein A coat
-binds Fc receptor of IgG
-prevents Ab mediated host response |
|
|
Term
| The three groups of streptococcus are what, and are based on what |
|
Definition
alpha, beta, gamma
based on hemolysis |
|
|
Term
| What is the main pathogenic group of streptococci |
|
Definition
beta
hemolysins create a clearing for colonization
also A-group (for lancefield glyco-classification) |
|
|
Term
| Besides division based on hemolysis, what is another category of streptococci |
|
Definition
Cell wall polysaccharides
"Lancefield Groups" A-T
(A most virulent) |
|
|
Term
| necrotizing fascitis is characterized by: (bact, sympto) |
|
Definition
Invasive Group A Streptococci
Muscle/Fat destruction along facial plane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
M-protein has antiphag behavior
binds serum B-globulin factor H
this DEGRADES c3b
-M has many serotypes |
|
|
Term
| Most GI infections are characterized by what bacteria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| E.coli O157:H7 refers to what? |
|
Definition
O- surface antigen O(LPS)
H- flagella antigen H |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Dysentry
Bloody (+Mucus) Diarrhea |
|
|
Term
| What is similar between salmonella and e.coli |
|
Definition
| they share ~90% of same DNA makeup |
|
|
Term
| Watery diahrrea characteristics |
|
Definition
Colonization of tract
production of toxin |
|
|
Term
Colonization Factors I + II
-associated with bacteria
-function |
|
Definition
diarrhea causing e.coli
encoded on plasmid
enhance pili adherence to glycoproteins |
|
|
Term
| ETEC and Cholera toxin characteristics |
|
Definition
exotoxins which cause diarrhea
2 types:
-Heat labile (LT)
-Heat stable (ST)
5xB and 1xA subunits |
|
|
Term
| ETEC and Cholera Toxin mode |
|
Definition
The A-subunit ADP-ribosylates alpha subunit of G-protein
G-protein stims adenylate cyclase
cAMP produced
activates Protein Kinase
Pi's membrane, release of water/electro. |
|
|
Term
| Shigella produces ___ diarrhea by utilizing ____ |
|
Definition
Bloody
Invasins (adhesins) |
|
|
Term
| How shigella's invasins work |
|
Definition
Bind to host integrins
Taken up by Phag, but break open vesicle
Multiply and spread
Mucosal cells die, inflamm. response |
|
|
Term
| Shigella and EHEC toxin and mode |
|
Definition
A-B
B subunit recognizes host
endocytosed
A cleaves N-glycosidic bond of 28s rRNA
Deactivation = no protein synthesis |
|
|
Term
Typhoid is caused by ____
and characterized by ____ |
|
Definition
salmonella
exists in blood, liver, monocytes |
|
|
Term
| Salmonella invasion method |
|
Definition
triggers actin rearrangement
causes pseudopods to engulf bact.
proliferation and breaking-open ("inv") |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Gram -
Diploic (paired, like coffee bean) |
|
|
Term
| Bacteria characterized by having LOS (lipo-oligo-saccharide) |
|
Definition
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
-triggers inflammation |
|
|
Term
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae method |
|
Definition
tight adherence to mucosal cells
(like endocervical columnar epi)
PII/Opa directs this tight jct.
P1 protects bact. from PMNs |
|
|
Term
| Neisseria gonorrhoe avoidance of immune system |
|
Definition
serotypes- multiple Ag pili
phase variance- not all of its surface components turned on
IgA Protease- enzyme inacts. Ab |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Syphilis
spirochete
Needs darkfield or staining to see |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1: lesion, chancre
2: mucosal membranes, blood
3: rare, musculoskeletal and organs
(only non-contagious stage) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
surface coated with:
-IgG heavy chain
-MHC-I |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
obligate intracellular pathogen
very small
small genome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Small elementary body (EB)
-spore-like, infectious
Reticulate Body(RB)
-exists only in cell, proliferates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
azithro, doxy, erythro
-pregnant: ONLY azithro |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Helicobacter pylori disease and location of colonization |
|
Definition
Gastritis, duodenal ulcers
The acidic antrum of stomach |
|
|
Term
| Helicobacter pylori virulence |
|
Definition
Urease on surface, makes NH3: neutralizes
LPS inhibits glycosylation of mucus
-lipid A has low Pi, not seen as Ag
-LPS stims. pepsinogen, weakens walls |
|
|
Term
| People with Helicobacter pylori might have high levels of: |
|
Definition
IgG antibody
-because bact. causes high IL-8
-induces immune response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Lyme disease
Spirochete
axial filaments |
|
|
Term
| Borrelia burgdorferi mode of motility |
|
Definition
axial filaments (in periplasmic space)
-corkscrew movement |
|
|
Term
| Initially lyme disease seen as... |
|
Definition
| Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis |
|
|
Term
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
|
Definition
acid-fast stain
mycolic acid (B-hydroxy F.A.) |
|
|
Term
| Potential carriers for Tb |
|
Definition
HIV/Aids
Compromised immunity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pulmonary lesions easily ejected
Mycolic acid makes it resistant to drying when in air/dust |
|
|
Term
| Main cause of lung problems of Tb |
|
Definition
| Inflammatory response releases TNF-a |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
delayed hypersensitivity
injection with Tb protein fragments
(if body infected, then its Ab would elicit response) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
6 months (rifamp, isoniazid)
1st 2 months (pyrazinamide) |
|
|
Term
| Name 6 common Virulence Factors |
|
Definition
Adherence/colonization
Invasion of Host Cell/Tissues
Avoiding defenses
Toxins
Hydrolytic enzymes
Tissue damage (via immune response) |
|
|
Term
General adherence is mediated by ___
Tightened adherence by ____ |
|
Definition
pili/fimbriae
afimbrial adhesins |
|
|
Term
| Name two examples of afimbrial adhesins |
|
Definition
Gonorhea: PII
e.coli: Colonization Factors I, II |
|
|
Term
| Intra/Extra-cellular facultative bacteria often involved with which type of virulence |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Examples of avoiding defenses (virulence) |
|
Definition
Inhibit complement
Antiphag activity
Ag variation
Superantigen |
|
|
Term
| Bacteria inhibiting complement |
|
Definition
S.aureus: hides surface Ag in capsule
meningococci: coated by protein A (IgA)
S.pyogenes: degrades c5A
salmonella/e.coli: blocks MAC (LPS doesn't allow access) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Gram -
LPS (A-in O-out)
Induces IL's and TNF-a |
|
|
Term
| A-B toxins and ADP-ribosylation |
|
Definition
cholera: g-protein, increased camp
diptheria- EF2, inactivates |
|
|
Term
| Where many virulence genes are located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A bacteria with chromosomally located virulence genes |
|
Definition
| Cholera (for cholera toxin) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
group of virulent genes on chromosome
distinct structural and functional units |
|
|
Term
| Common position of pathogenicity islands |
|
Definition
at a tRNA locus
(source for phage introduction) |
|
|
Term
| Possible explanation for similarity between cholera toxin + ETEC toxin |
|
Definition
|
|
