Term
Pasteurella multocida
HABITAT
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Definition
Normal flora of respiratory tract and oral cavity of many species
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Term
Pasteurella multocida
SUBSPECIES
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Definition
subsp. multocida - most common, often most virulent
subsp. septica
subsp. gallicida
Subspecies are NOT specific to animal species |
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Term
Pasteurella multocida
MICROSCOPIC and LAB FINDINGS |
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Definition
Heavily encapsulated
Small Gram negative coccobacilli
Stain with GIEMSA stain - - bipolar
MUCOID colonies
MUSTY ODOR present
Colonies often require serum to grow
Indole +, Oxidase +
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Term
Pasteurella multocida
ANTIGENS
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Definition
There are:
5 Polysaccharide CAPSULAR antigens
A: Very MUCOID, associated with RESPIRATORY DISEASE
B & E: less mucoid
D: Small colonies, NON MUCOID
12 Polysaccharide SOMATIC antigens |
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Term
Pasteurella multocida
CAPSULAR type A
Diseases
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Definition
Cattle: Shipping fever pneumonia component(A:3), lung abscesses
Swine: pneumonia
Sheep: mastitis and pneumonia
Rabbits: Snuffles
Avian: Fowl cholera
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Term
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Definition
Occurs in poultry and wildfowl
caused by Pasteurella multocida type A and F
ACUTE SEPTICEMIA which can result in death
recovered can have joint infections and arthritis.
Common cause of DIE OFF in MIGRATORY WATERFOWL
and #1 economic loss in POULTRY industry |
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Term
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Definition
Upper respiratory disease of RABBITS
caused by Pasteurella multocida type A and D
Respiratory tract --> pneumonia --> septicemia --> death
Often present with chronic nasal discharge, and abscesses occur elsewhere in the body. |
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Term
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Definition
Upper respiratory --> pneumonia in CATTLE
caused by a MULTIFACTORAL infection
Pasteurella multocida type A (A:3)
Mannheimia haemolytica A1
Often presents in stressed animals and can have lung abscesses |
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Term
Pasteurella multocida
CAPSULAR type D
DISEASES
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Definition
Swine: toxogenic strain causes ATROPHIC RHINITIS in conjunction with Bordetella bronchiseptica, where the cytotoxin produced supresses piglet growth and atrophy turbinates.
DOG: respiratory diseases associated with distemper virus infections "dog type"
Rabbits: less common cause of Snuffles.
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Term
Pasteurella multocida
CAPSULAR type B & E
Diseases
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Definition
Cattle: Hemorrhagic septicemia in tropical areas, major disease of cattle and water buffalo
acute respiratory diseases of elk, bison, buffalo, deer and reindeer.
Type E is only found in AFRICA
Type B has been found in Canada
Oil - adjuvant generates good immune response against these types. |
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Term
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Definition
Occurs in SWINE
Caused by co-infection with Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasteurella multocida type D.
B. bronchiseptica cytotoxin: predisposes for establishment of Pasteurella multocida.
P. multocida cytotoxin: supresses piglet growth & causes turbinate atrophy by activating G protein to permenant stimulation leading to osteoclast/blast imbalance |
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Term
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Definition
Occurs primarily in cattle and water buffalo in TROPICAL areas.
Caused by Pasteurella multocida type B & E
Type E is only in Africa
Oil-adjuvant vaccine can be used to prevent with good immune response. |
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Term
Pasteurella pneumotropica |
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Definition
Common in LAB ANIMALS, small rodents
Appears similar to Pasteurella multocida
Causes abscessing pneumonia, conjunctivitis, subcutaneous abscesses, mastitis.
This must make it really hard to milk mice... |
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Term
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Definition
Found naturally occurring in SWINE ORAL CAVITIES and intestinal tracts.
Primarily a concern in BITE WOUNDS of pig farmers,
but appearently only if you're Danish. |
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Term
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Definition
Pasteurella multocida type D is present in 90% of cat's oral cavities and can be life threatening in dog bites |
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Term
Mannheimia haemolytica
CYTOTOXIN
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Definition
RTX class toxin = pore forming cytotoxin (leukotoxin)
Specific for ruminant Leukocytes
Causes: Inhibition of leukocyte function at low doses, LYSIS of leukocytes at HIGH doses.
Important in the virulence of respiratory diseases of ruminants. Can progress when neutrophils (PMNs) lysed and release enzymes in alveolar space --> tissue destruction |
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Term
Mannheimia haemolytica
HABITAT
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Definition
Upper respiratory tract of Cattle and sheep
ESPECIALLY THE TONSILS |
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Term
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Definition
Gangrenous mastitis of sheep
Caused by Mannheimia haemolytica
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Term
Mannheimia haemolytica
DISEASES
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Definition
CATTLE: Component of Shipping fever --> major respiratory disease especially of feedlot cattle
SHEEP: septicemia in newborns, pneumonia in adults
"blue bag" mastitis.
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Term
Mannheimia haemolytica
VIRULENCE FACTORS
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Definition
LEUKOTOXIN
Lipopolysaccharide
Capsular polysaccharide
Fibriae
Glycoprotease
Nuraminidase
Outer membrane proteins |
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Term
Bibersteinia trehalosi
DISEASES
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Definition
GOATS: most common respiratory organism
Sheep: SEPTICEMIA in feeder lambs, especially with crowding and stress
Cattle: severe respiratory disease in dairy cows |
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Term
Bibersteinia trehalosi
TOXINS
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Definition
RTX class pore forming cytotoxin = leukotoxin
Destroys leukocytes and platelets but NOT RBCs
Identical to the leukotoxin of Mannheimia haemolytica |
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Term
Mannheimia haemolytica
MICROSCOPIC and LAB RESULTS
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Definition
TREHALOSE negative
lactose +, indole negative
SLOW GROWING
Small coccobacillus (looks like P. multocida, but dont smell)
Narrow but complete hemolysis |
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Term
Bibersteinia trehalosi
MICROSCOPIC and LAB RESULTS
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Definition
TREHALOSE +
lactose +, indole negative
Small coccobacillus
Slow growing, small colonies
narrow, complete hemolysis
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Term
Actinobacillus lignieresii
DISEASES
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Definition
Cattle: WOODEN TONGUE, granulomatous infections of head and neck
Sheep:granulomatous infections of head and neck (Scotland)
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Term
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Definition
Caused by Actinobacillus lignieresii invading buccal epithelium of cattle. This causes granulomatous abscesses in the soft tissue of the lower jaw and neck and tongue which results in loss of function.
A. Lignieresii produces a glycocalyx that cements organisms together and form granules that are present in the cheeselike abscesses associated with the infection. |
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Term
Actinobacillus lignieresii
HABITAT
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Definition
Found naturally occuring in the buccal mucosa of cattle and sheep |
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Term
Actinobacillus lignieresii
TREATMENT
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Definition
Localized injections of aqueous iodine (Lugols solution)
or Sodium iodine IV + organic iodine in feed
Antibiotics: Sulfas, Sm, Te
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Term
Actinobacillus equuli
MICROSCOPIC and LAB RESULTS
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Definition
Grows readily, large, mucoid colonies
non hemolytic
small, gram negative coccobacillus |
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Term
Actinobacillus equuli
HABITAT
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Definition
Normally occurring in the oral cavity and intestinal tract of HORSES |
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Term
Actinobacillus equuli
DISEASES
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Definition
Foals: Shigellosis (severe enteritis), sleepy foal disease (septicemia), dummy foal (meningitis)
Severe purulent nephritis
Lameness of joints
Adult Horses: associated with contamination by larval migration of Strongylus vulgaris causing subsequent verminous aneurysms and peritonitis.
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Term
Actinobacillus lignieresii
VIRULENCE FACTORS
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Definition
GLYCOCALYX - cements organisms together forming granules that can be cultured from the chessy center of an abscess |
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Term
Actinobacillus equuli
TOXINS
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Definition
Produce a Aqx (RTX leukotoxin) increases the virulence of the organism and pathogenically produces septicemia |
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Term
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
MICROSCOPIC and LAB RESULTS
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Definition
Requires NAD (staph nurse - v factor) to grow
Small, Gram negative coccobacilli
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Term
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
DISEASES
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Definition
SWINE: contagious pleuropneumonia (acute respiratory disease) especially in HIGH HEALTH STATUS swine.
Piglets: mild disease from clostridium of infected herd
Adult swine: Acute exudative and proliferative bronchopneumonia with fibrinous pleuritis
Recovered swine are immune! |
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Term
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
TOXINS
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Definition
3 RTX toxins (Apx1, Apx2, Apx3) = cytotoxins
similar to hemolysin of E. coli and cytotoxin of Pasteurella haemolytica
Endotoxin |
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Term
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
HABITAT
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Definition
Normally occurring in the upper respiratory tract of swine
Adults can shed organism in environment |
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Term
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
ANTIGENS
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Definition
12 NAD dependent, 2 NAD independent capsular polysaccharides serotypes |
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Term
Actinobacillus suis
DISEASES
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Definition
SWINE:
Piglets = fatal acute septicemia in 1-8 wk old pigs
Adults = arthritis, pneumonia, and subcutaneous abscesses |
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Term
CONTAGIOUS PLEUROPNEUMONIA of SWINE |
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Definition
Caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
Tends to effect OLDER HIGH HEALTH STATUS swine, causing acute exudative and proliferative bronchopneumonia with fibrinous pleuritis
Signs include: anorexia, emesis, fever and oral hemorrhaging |
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Term
Actinobacillus suis
HABITAT
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Definition
Normally occurring in the tonsils, nasal passage, and vagina of swine (esp high health status) |
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Term
Actinobacillus suis
TOXINS
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Definition
2 RTX toxins (Apx1, Apx2)
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Term
Actinobacillus suis
MICROSCOPIC and LAB RESULTS
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Definition
beta hemolytic
Does NOT require NAD (staph nurse)
Grows on MacConkeys agar
Larger colonies than other Actinobacillus |
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Term
Actinobacillus salpingitidis
DISEASES
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Definition
cause of salpingitis and peritonitis in laying hens
similar disease seen in Gallibacterium anatis but was not discussed in class as a significant bacteria. |
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Term
Actinobacillus seminis
DISEASES
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Definition
SHEEP: Venereal disease localizing in epididymus and testes,abortion
widespread in South Africa |
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Term
FOWL CORYZA
is a disease that effects adult chickens, involves acute inflammation of turbinates, acute air-sacculitis, sneezing, conjunctivitis, swelling of head and wattles, decreased food intake and MARKED loss of egg production. |
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Definition
What is FOWL CORYZA, and what causes it? |
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Term
CONTAGIOUS EQUINE METRITIS
Is caused by Taylorella equigenitalis, causes localized infection in the reproductive tract, but DOES NOT CAUSE ABORTION.
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Definition
What is Contagious Equine Metritis? |
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Term
GUILLIAN - BARRE SYNDROME
It is associated with after infection with Campylobacter jejuni, where ganglioside-like epitopes of endotoxin mimic host neural tissue initiating an auto-immune response.
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Definition
What is Guillian - Barre syndrome? |
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Term
TYZZERS DISEASE
It is caused by the organism Clostridium piliformae.
Most prevalent in STRESSED LAB RODENTS
and causes:
Liver focal abscesses in ADULTS
enteritis in YOUNG
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Definition
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