Term
| Obligate intracellular parasite (OIP) |
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Definition
Enters host cells by phagocytosis
Must grow and reproduce in host cell |
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Term
| What are methods of laboratory culture of OIP? |
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Definition
| Live animals or avian eggs to provide live cells to support growth of atypical bacterial cell structure. |
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Term
| What distinctive feature makes the mycoplasmas unique from other bacteria? |
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Definition
Lack of cell wall, and therefore high pleomorphic (no definitive form).
Cell membrane contains sterols. |
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Term
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Definition
Diseases transmitted to humans from animal reservoirs by bite
EX: tick transfers Rickettsiae |
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Term
| Describe the symptoms of Rocky Mt. spotted fever? |
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Definition
| Fever, headache, and a rash that includes palms of hands and soles of feet as well as rest of body. |
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Term
| How is Rocky mt spotted fever is transmitted? |
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Definition
| by animal reservoirs. Bite of arthropod (tick). |
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Term
| What is the treatment of Rocky Mt spotted fever? |
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Definition
Tetracycline or
Chloramphenicol |
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Term
| Describe the lifecycle of Chlamydiae |
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Definition
2 growth stages:
Elementary body-(ouside host cell)infectious and particle
Reticulate body-(inside host cell)metabolizing, reproducing stage. |
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Term
| Why are mycoplasmas highly pleomorphic? |
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Definition
| Lack of cell wall enables them to alter their shape to fit an animal cell.( via phagocytosis) |
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Term
Why would penicillin not be an adequate
antibiotic to treat a mycoplasma infection |
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Definition
Penicillin acts on the cell wall.
There is no cell wall. (EX: Chlamydiae) |
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Term
| What are the three structural components of a virus? |
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Definition
1. Nucleic Acid core-DNA or RNA
2. Capsid
3. Envelope |
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Term
| What 3 morphological types of capsids did you observe in the demonstration material? |
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Definition
1. Helical
2. Polyhedral
3. Complex |
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Term
| For what viral diseases are immunizaitons available? |
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Definition
| 1.Influenza, Poxvirus, Paramyxoviruses (MMR),Rhabdovineses (Rabies), Picoraviruses (Polio) |
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Term
Is filtration a suitable sterilization method for viral contaminated material?
Why or why not? |
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Definition
No
Viruses will pass through filter |
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Term
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Definition
| Change genetic make up of cell. Reverse transcriptase |
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Term
| Diseases associated with Retroviruses? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Compare the stucture of molds to yeast |
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Definition
Molds-multifilamentous (hyphae).
Septa (crosswalls) or nonseptate coenocytic (multineucleated filaments).
Reproduce: asexually by mitosis
Sexually by fusion of haploid distinctive sexual spores. |
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Term
| Compare structures of molds and yeast |
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Definition
Yeasts-unicellular fungi.
Reproduce asexually by budding.
Sexually by formation of spores |
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Term
| Design a case study that would suggest a Histoplasma infection |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| an organism, not normally pathogentic, taking advantage of a compromised host |
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Term
| What type of patient specimen would you collect for histoplasmosis? |
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Definition
Respiratory
Systemic
Flem from coughing. |
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Term
| What precautions should you take in caring for a patient with ringworm? |
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Definition
| Do not touch infected area |
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Term
| Describe some infections associated with Candida albicans |
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Definition
Skin and mucosal infections
(thrush in oral cavity and vaginal infections). |
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Term
| What are symptoms of pinworm infection? |
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Definition
itching around anus or vagina
upset stomach loss of appetite
irritability
restlessness
insomnia |
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Term
| Which protozoan is of particular concern during pregnancy? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Describe the symptoms of Giardia infection. How is it contracted in an urban setting? |
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Definition
Diarrhea
Contracted by ingestion.
Drinking water contaminated with feces |
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Term
| What are some other examples of nonspecific chemical defense agents other than lysozyme? |
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Definition
Interferon
Low pH, high salt, gastric juices |
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Term
| Why did you get different results with E. coli and the Micrococcus luteus in lysozyme experiments? |
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Definition
Microcuccus are G+ and lysed by lysozyme
E. coli are G- unaffected |
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Term
| Examples of mechanical defense mechanisms |
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Definition
1. Cilia in mucus membranes impedes invasion of microbes
2. Skin epithelial keratin barrier
3. Sneezing
4. Urine flow |
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Term
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Definition
| Any foreign substance that causes the body to produce antibodies or sensitized T cells |
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Term
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Definition
| A protein made by B cells and Plasma cells in reaction to a foreign substance or antigen. |
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Term
| What is the difference in a precipitation reaction and an agglutination reaction? |
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Definition
Precipitaion reaction-(invitro),fine cloudy reaction, liquad form in test tube, insoluble
Agglutination-coagulation on slide or test tube, soluble |
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Term
| How can serological test be used to verify the etiology (cause) of disease? |
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Definition
| Organisms are identified at the strain level |
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Term
| These exercises demonstrated "invitro" antigen-antibody reactions. What type of activities are associated with antibodies "invivo'? |
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Definition
| Invivo is an experiment using the whole living organism such as animal testing or clinical trials |
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Term
| Can group A and Group B Streptococci be distinguished by a Gram Stain? |
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Definition
| Yes, because the cells are either destroyed or (incomplete destruction in Group B. |
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Term
| What hemolytic pattern is seen with Streptococcus pneumonias? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What are some diseases associated with Group A Streptococcus? |
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Definition
1. Acute sore throat
2. Scarlet Fever
3. Rheumatc Fever
4. Glomerulonephritis |
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Term
| What would be some advantages to use of a rapid ID test for Group A Streptococcus? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How would you differentiate Streptococcus pneumoniae from normal respiratory alpha streptococci? |
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Definition
| Leading cause of pneumoniae, otits media, and meningitis. |
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Term
| To which streptococcal disease is there a vaccine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Describe symptoms of (A-D)
A. Acute strep throat |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
Fever
Painful swollen joints
chest pain
fatigue |
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Term
|
Definition
Pink/cola colored urine (RBC)
High blood presure
Fluid retention |
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Term
|
Definition
Red sores-yellow/brown crust
Itching
Painless fluid blisters |
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Term
| How are the normal microbiota involved in dental caries? |
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Definition
| Use of dextan capsule to form biofilms and ferment sugars producing lactid acid which affects tooth enamel. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Obligate intracellular parasite |
|
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Term
| Characterize the genus Staphylococcus |
|
Definition
G+ cocci
Irregular clusters
Salt tolerant
Catalase + |
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Term
| How could you easily distinguish Staphylococcus epidermidis from Staphylococcus aureus? |
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Definition
STAPH is catalase +
Agglutinatin + (Staphyloside test)
Beta Hemolysis |
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Term
| Cite some precautions in patient care to prevent nosocial Staphylococcus aureus |
|
Definition
Preventative-(nose and skin)
Tissue when sneeze
Wash hands |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Enzyme used by S. aureus to induce coagulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Enzyme used by S. aureus to induce coagulation |
|
|
Term
| Which of the bacterial respiratory pathogens can you be immunized against? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Using textbook, create case history that would suggest a Klebsiella pneumoniae infection |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of acute epiglottitis? |
|
Definition
Sore throat
Fever
Difficulty shallowing
Fast heart rate |
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Term
|
Definition
| mucus coughed up from respiratory tract |
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|
Term
| What is "travelers" diarrhea? |
|
Definition
3 or more loose stools in 24hrs
Abdominal cramps |
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Term
| How might you acquire a Salmonella infection? |
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Definition
| Ingestion of contaminated water or food |
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Term
| Why are Salmonella and Shigella notifiable disease? |
|
Definition
Cause notifieable diseases:
Salmonella-Typhoid Fever
Shigella-Bacillary dysentery |
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Term
| What is the difference between food poisoning and infection? |
|
Definition
Food Poisoning-general term for illness contracted by ingesting contaminated food
Food Infection-result of ingesting pathogen-contaminated food. |
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Term
| Cite some organisms associated with each |
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Definition
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Term
| How are urinary tract infections detected in the clinical microbiology lab since the organsims most oftern responsible are frequently found as normal flora in urine specimens? |
|
Definition
| Urinalysis-it excludes bacteriauria |
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|
Term
| What is currently the most frequent STD in the US? |
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Definition
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